Free Range Parenting Is Too Dangerous For Children

Seungmin Jung Professor Steve Master COM 122 21 October 2015 One afternoon last december, in Washington, DC, police was alerted by a person to pick up a brother and sister, who were walking a mile heading home, and take them to their parents. After the police took the kids home, he warned the kids’ father of potential dangers that his kids could have faced while walking unsupervised. (Griffin) These days, there are many other cases similar to this where kids walking home unsupervised are reported to authority and taken into supervision with their parents being warned in some ways as a consequence. So what makes kids walking home unsupervised such a nation-wide controversy? Free-range parenting. Nowadays, free-range parenting is quite a big issue as the world is changing so rapidly and is no longer the same world that parents in this generation could freely roam around in their own childhood. Some argue that free-range parenting is nothing more than a mere negligence over their children in that the world is now simply too dangerous for t he children to explore on their own. They say that the world is no longer safe for a child to be outside alone and that so-called free-range parenting is just being irresponsible parents. However, they are wrong. Although free-range parenting may look so dangerous and unnecessarily risky, it, in fact, has far more advantages than disadvantages and is and has been an enormous necessity when raising children for a number of reasons: it makesShow MoreRelatedTiger Parenting Vs Tiger Parenting924 Words   |  4 PagesWhich Style Is for YOU? Free-Range or Tiger Parenting Throughout time, many parents have questioned themselves if its smarter to be a free-range parent or a tiger parent? What are the pros and cons to be a free-range parent? What is tiger parenting and what are the benefits? Parenting refers to the process of selecting the most appropriate way to ensure the physical, cognitive, and emotional wellbeing of one’s child. The process of choosing a parenting style cam often differ due to the factors suchRead MoreThe Mental Health Risk Associated With The Tiger Mom Parenting Style And How It Affects The Education Of Their1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate is on: The Mental Health risk associated with the Tiger Mom parenting style versus Western parenting style and how it affects the education of their kids. Recently we have been overwhelmed with the comments of strict parenting techniques used to enforce respect and discipline, education, and success. Attention has been focused on the 2011 book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua. 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At exceedingly young ages, new generations are being taught by their parents and peers, strict gender roles and expectations through the most seemingly innocent source: their toys

Economic - 1071 Words

It is a seriously problem are existed in China for a long time, which China is closer to being a traditional, command, or market economy. Actually, there are two main types of economy around the world what are the command economy and the market economy. China is market economy more than traditional and command economy. People always control and change some rules of economy who is the leader or government of China cause many economy issues. As we know, the departed China used to have command economy that the government have power to control and decided all economy system, which is called Communist Party. However, there was a big change in Chinese economy when Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party†¦show more content†¦Finally, the search for higher wages and profits and lowest prices implies competition among workers, business man, and consumers. Every companies wants to win the war in economy, so they always change the types and pr ices of goods to attract consumers just like the control of market economy(Made in Canada P101). Nowadays, China has many cooperative companies with foreign countries, which has good relationship with China. China entered into the World Organization (WTO) on December 11th,2001, it means China has gone to the world and the world has accepted China. As we know there are many foreign brand start to join China market such as Wal-Mart supermarket, Carrefour supermarket and LOTUS, all of these have positive force to develop China economy because we can learn the new operating methods from the other countries. For get the better development, China created CCIEE in Beijing what is China Center for International Economic Exchanges, this big team is opened for everyone who are the adept of their own domain, just like a bridge between China and the other countries. Since the early 1990s, the government has allowed foreign investors to manufacture and sell a wide range of goods on the domestic market, eliminated time restrictions on the establishment of joint ventures, provided someShow Mor eRelatedEconomics And Economics On Economics Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we talk about economics we must first defined the word. Economics is a social science that studies human behavior and how to allocate our limited (scares) resources, efficiently and effectively to meet our unlimited human wants. Now as we dive deeper in to the field of economics we realized that there are two separate categories that the study of economics breaks off into. The first is macroeconomics, macroeconomics is the study of the whole picture when it comes to economics. Macroeconomics willRead MoreEconomics : Economics And Micro Economics1238 Words   |  5 Pages Economics is the study of how our unlimited demand of certain things can be met by our limited amount of supply. For instance, if there was an unlimited amount of money for everyone, then everyone would have everything they had always wanted and would not have to work to get the money. Everyone would have billion dollar homes and the nicest cars in the world. Unfortunately, we do have a limited amount of money, so the economists find ways to get around that. There are two types of economicsRead MoreEconomics : Economics Of Business1361 Words   |  6 PagesHND Accounting Economics FINAL REPORT: The Economics of Business DUE DATE: 20 May 2015 Catherine Macintosh 11006620 For the attention of Sarah Sutherland Word count: 1,243 (Excluding Acknowledgements, Abstract/Executive Summary, Terms of Reference, References Appendices TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 Costs 3 1.1 Total costs 3 1.2 Average costs Read MoreEconomics1291 Words   |  6 Pageshis profit. Do you agree? Use a graph to illustrate your answer. The argument is incorrect. 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Pevalence of Prescription Opioid †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Pevalence of Prescription Opioid. Answer: Introduction: There are so many Australians who are dying of prescription opioids, in comparison to those dying of illegal use of heroin. Australian Bureau of Statistics data, which was analyzed by the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, indicated that 68% of the 668 overdose deaths in the year 2013 were linked to prescription opioids. Opioids are extracted from opium. Opium is a sticky substance which is derived from opium poppy seeds. Opioids are deemed the father of entire narcotic drugs because it has more than twenty morphine effects. It is dispersant in nature. Opioids are classified into three categories; synthetic, chemically modified or natural. Opioids medication is readily available in Australia through doctors prescription. The essay, therefore, seeks to discuss causes for, and effects of, the increased use of prescription opioids. The major cause for the increased use of prescription opioids is it expanded use to treat severe and chronic, non-cancer pain. Medical researchers have recommended opioids as an effective pain reliever for patients suffering from acute-chronic pains. As a consequence, of these indications opioids usage has risen significantly in Australia and other jurisdictions. According to Blanch, Pearson Haber (2014), the increase rate for opioids uses to treat non-cancer pains have increased by 15-times from 1992 to 2012. Therefore, oxycodone can be attributed to being the main reason leading to the increased utilization of opioids. Fentanyl and Buprenorphine are two kinds of opioid which have become popular in the treatment of pain; thus, making it use increase. As a result, there is a general agreement among the health care professional that the use of opioids to treat severer non-cancer pains has led to its increased medical usage. Another vital cause for the increased use of prescription opioids is the group of people who use opioids for nonmedical purposes. People who inject drugs account for the increased use of prescription opioids in circumstances where heroin is not available. Degenhardt, Gilmour Hall (2013), argues that the consistent use of medical opioids among the people who inject drugs is an indication of untreated opioid addiction. Therefore, considering people who inject drugs are weak and exposed to death, they should be given immediate care to minimize their opioid dependence. Following research by Degenhardt and colleagues, it was established that more than 900 people who inject drugs use pharmaceutical opioids illegally. Methadone, morphine, and oxycodone tablets were found to prevalent among the drug addicts. Medics, therefore, agrees that until opioid substitution treatment is designed to be attractive and available; people who inject drug will keep on utilizing pharmaceutical opioids far m ore than the entire population (Bruneau, Arruda Jutras?Aswad, 2012). There are numerous effects of the increased use of prescription opioids in Australia. The main effect is increased in the number of deaths linked to use of pharmaceutical opioids. An increase in the accidental deaths as a result of prescription opioids and other illicit opioids substances was witnessed between the year 2002 and 2011. According to Karanges Pearson (2016), the number of deaths related to pharmaceutical opioids raised from 151 to 266 between the year 2002 and 2011. This indicated a 1.7 times increase. Karanges together with his colleagues also established that the number of deaths was more for males as compared to the females. The relationship between increased opioid uses in Australia is directly proportional to the increased numbers of deaths linked to its use. As consequence, of this increased use of pharmaceutical opioids health professionals have recommended a policy to curb its usage. Although the policy should ensure availability of opioids to the severe chronic pain patients, it must put measures to reduce it rampant use thus reducing the number of deaths. Another detrimental effect of the increased use of pharmaceutical opioids is the rise of the numbers of hospitalization related opioid poisoning. In the year the 1970s and 1980s hospitalization as a result of opioids were attributed to heroin use. Besides, the cases were minimal and rare. However, the hospitalization cases are on the increase since the year 2001. According to Compton, Jones Baldwin (2016), hospitalization cases due to opioid poisoning rose by 65 % from the year 2000 and 2014. Medical professionals in the Australia concur that the rise of opioid use has led to more opioid addiction which has resulted in more cases of opioid poisoning. They, therefore, recommend treatment and prevention of opioid dependence in both nonmedical and medical users (Dertadian Maher, 2017). Similarly, the increased use of prescription opioids has led to the Australian government to utilize huge amounts of funds to pay opioid prescription subsidies thus affecting the economy. The prevalence use of opioid has led its cost to increase significantly in the last fifteen years. This increase in cost has led the Australian government to spend over $2 billion in opioid pharmaceutical subsidies since 2002. As a consequence of such spending, government budget has bulged leading to higher taxes to cater for such expenditure. Blanch, Pearson, Haber, (2014), articulate that the rising cost of fentanyl and buprenorphine has led the cost of dispensing the two dugs rise from $25 to $58 per dispensing between 2002 and 2012. It is thus clear that increased use of prescription opioids has far-reaching economic effects on the both individual and government level. It is explicit that there are numerous causes for, and effects of, the increased use of prescription opioids. The essay has analyzed some of the causes for and effects of prevalence use of pharmaceutical opioids. Basically, the frequency use of opioids to treat chronic severe, non-cancerous pains can be attributed as one of the leading causes of it increased use. Equally, people who inject drugs is another group of people accountable for the increased use of prescription opioids. Greater use of opioids is not deprived of effects; the main effect is the increase in the number of deaths linked to prescription opioid use. Increased hospitalization and high government spending are other effects associated with increased use of pharmaceutical opioids. As a result of this prevalence use of opioids, the Australian government should enact a policy guiding on the prescription of the drug. Similarly, other interventions such as patient and clinician education, as well as prescription drug moni toring programs should be implemented. References Blanch, B., Pearson, S. A., Haber, P. S. (2014). An overview of the patterns of prescription opioid use, costs and related harms in Australia. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 78(5), 1159-1166. Bruneau, J., Roy, ., Arruda, N., Zang, G., Jutras?Aswad, D. (2012). The rising prevalence of prescription opioid injection and its association with hepatitis C incidence among street?drug users. Addiction, 107(7), 1318-1327. Compton, W. M., Jones, C. M., Baldwin, G. T. (2016). Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use. N Engl J Med, 2016(374), 154-163. Degenhardt, L., Gilmour, S., Shand, F., Bruno, R., Campbell, G., Mattick, R. P., ... Hall, W. (2013). Estimating the proportion of prescription opioids that is consumed by people who inject drugs in Australia. Drug and alcohol review, 32(5), 468-474. Dertadian, G. C., Dixon, T. C., Iversen, J., Maher, L. (2017). Self?limiting non?medical pharmaceutical opioid use among young people in Sydney, Australia: An exploratory study. Drug and Alcohol Review. Karanges, E. A., Blanch, B., Buckley, N. A., Pearson, S. A. (2016). Twenty?five years of prescription opioid use in Australia: a whole?of?population analysis using pharmaceutical claims. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 82(1), 255-267.

Music as a Medicine for Brain Essay Example

Music as a Medicine for Brain Essay Music is a universal phenomenon spanning all cultures, and is the most social of the arts. There is no one definition to describe this term. Its term changes with each individual’s perspective. Some find it as the rhythmic vibrations of sound, some describe it purely as an art form, some feel it creates emotions and interacts with the emotions we already feel, or, some associate it with the process of healing. Music therapy, a biofeedback or a coping technique instituted in the allied health profession, uses music to promote healing and enhance the quality of life in patients. It has been used for decades as a way to treat neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Anxiety and even Depression [1]. There have also been attempts to translate EEG data into music [2]. Also, studies show that rhythm of music tends stimulates brain waves based on the tempo, with a slow tempo promoting a calm and meditative state. HISTORY OF MUSIC IN HEALTHCARE The therapeutic value of music has been recognized since ancient times. We will write a custom essay sample on Music as a Medicine for Brain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Music as a Medicine for Brain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Music as a Medicine for Brain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Archaeological evidence showing flutes carved from bones, suggests music preceded language as a tool for communication [3], [2]. Greek physicians used flute, lyres and zitters to heal their patients and used vibrations produced by these instruments to aid in digestion, induce sleep and ward off mental disturbances [4]. Even the Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who is considered the founder of music therapy and geometry prescribed music to restore harmony of the body and soul [3]. Early Egyptians also, used musical incantations for the healing process. Native Americans and Africans used singing and chanting as a part of their healing ritual [5]. Robert Brown (1773-1858), a Botanist, described the Brownian movement – Protoplasmic movements within cells are random, rhythmic and produce music [4]. With the advent of western medicine, art of medicine was replaced by science of medicine, thereby separating music from healing. However, end of 19th century, studies on the healing power of medicine was again looked into. Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), a nurse, recognized the power of music in hospital wards to promote healing for soldiers injured in the Crimean war [3]. With the advent of phonograph, recorded music was introduced in hospital settings. Music interventions were slowly being appreciated in the healthcare setting. Furthermore, a group of surgeons conducted studied to show that music produced a calming effect on patients who were generally tense and nervous, thereby reducing patient anxiety and pain. Studies reported effects of music on physiological responses, such as, cardiac output, pulse rate, respiratory rate and Blood Pressure. Diogel, a physician from Paris in late 1700’s measured blood pressure and pulse rate of his patients while live musicians were brought in to play. His studies showed that music lowers Blood Pressure, increases Cardiac Output, decreases pulse rate and overall assists the parasympathetic system [4]. MUSIC AND BRAIN Virtually every human loves to hear music, or at least responds with some kind of emotion when music is heard. Music can bring back a memory so clear that you can virtually touch it. Music can make us cry at the movies or bring us to our feet at sports events. Music can make us experience happiness as well as bring tears to our eyes. Research in neuroscience is trying to find answers to these connections between music and human brain. Knowledge of the specialized functions of the brain was deduced from understanding the failure of the normal functions following a stroke or an accident. It is also believed that babies respond to music while still in the womb. An interesting fact is that at the age of 4 months, dissonant notes at the end of a melody will cause them to squirm and turn away [15]. Such responses provide evidence that music is wired into the brain. Also, advances in neuroscience and brain imaging are revealing whats actually happening in the brain as patients listen to music or play instruments and why the therapy works. Electrical activity emanating from the brain has been studied extensively, through electroencephalograms (EEGs), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and more recently, even functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) [2]. This latest scanning technique (fMRI) is a brain scan that gives a clear image of which parts of the brain are working during any given activity. It measures blood flow to various parts of the brain over time as opposed to showing a static image of the brain. MRI can show the location in the brain thats more active while listening to music, and scientists are using this technique to gradually map those areas in greater detail. New research using the fMRI has shown that the brains activity changes with the music being played. It has been found that the area of the brain that is active while processing music is also active during memory retrieval, reasoning and while processing emotions [14]. A human brain is divided into two hemispheres, and the right hemisphere is ide ntified as the seat of music appreciation and the left hemisphere is the arena of speech. Also, brain mainly processes music and speech separately, although there is some overlap [12]. For example, a patient with dystimbria, a distinct form of musical disorder, with defective pitch discrimination, described music to sound as pots and pans thrown on the floor had no problem with speech [12]. Therefore, effect of music is seen on the right hemisphere of the brain; however, the analytical aspects of cerebral interpretation of music occurs in the left hemisphere of the brain [3]. Studies conducted on musical understanding in people, who have damage to either hemisphere, as well as brain scans of people taken while listening to tunes; reveal that music perception emerges from the interplay of activity in both sides of the brain [11]. Furthermore, singing more than humming showed additional right-lateralized activation of the superior temporal gyrus, inferior central operculum, and inferior frontal gyrus which may offer an explanation for the clinical observation that patients with non-fluent aphasia due to left hemisphere lesions are able to sing the text of a song while they are unable to speak the same words [9]. According to Levitin, music is said to have certain attributes and the brain has a specialized capacity to extract each of these attributes namely; pitch, rhythm, timbre, melody, and reverberation [16]. Nerve impulses from the cochlea arrive at the auditory cortex of the brain and are first processed to extract specific categories of information. The right side of the cortex is crucial for perceiving pitch as well as certain aspects of melody, harmony, timbre, and rhythm. The left side of the brain in most people excels at processing rapid changes in frequency and intensity, both in music and words. Such rapid changes occur when someone plucks a violin string versus running a bow across it [16]. Music is said to engage many brain functions; emotion, memory, motor control, learning and plasticity, attention, pattern perception, imagery and more [17]. Studies on stroke patients revealed that recovery of verbal memory and focused attention improved significantly in the group of patients who listened to their favorite music on a daily basis compared to patients who received no listening material [11]. To a large extent music activates the pleasure inducing part of the brain which is basically, the limbic system, and is considered the seat of human emotions. This area is responsible for autonomic or vegetative functions such as breathing, appetite, body temperature, moods (e. g. , anger, sorrow, love, hatred, sadness, compassion, and violence). Serotonin and Dopamine are the primary neurotransmitters involved that affect mood [17]. Listening to music not only increases blood flow to certain areas of the brain involved generating and controlling emotions, but it is also accompanied by a general increase and change of brain activation within a distributed network comprising many areas of the brain and the peripheral nervous system [11]. Music is an evolutionary adaptation as described by Levitin, and he suggests mating and several other possible purposes including social bonding and improved cognitive development [16]. The March 2009 issue of Smithsonian magazine reports that when two mosquitoes of the opposite sex approach each other, they harmonize their wing beats to produce a love duet. If the male cant keep up with the females rhythm, he is rejected by the female and becomes history. HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY MUSIC Many scientific experiments, studies, and research projects have been performed to try and discover the extent of the power of music. One key component of music that makes it beneficial is the order of rhythm [18]. Music can produce as well as reduce stressful conditions. We all have an inherent musical rhythm called as Dominant Rhythm Style, DRS, suggested by Dr. Manfred Clynes, a neurophysiologist. These are considered as rhythmic cycles that exist within us as well as around us. The human body is like a musical instrument, expressing numerous frequencies and rhythms in a constantly changing spectrum of life. It responds and resonates in consonance with music, sounds, speech and thought from the environment, and undergoes changes of heart beat, breathing, blood chemistry and circulation of energy in various energy centers (Chakras) of the body [13]. For example, the day and night circadian rhythm, seasonal changes, breathing-inhalation and exhalation, and the most prominent human heart rate. Imbalance in these cycles effects health. Although, heart rate varies from person to person, the average human heart rate is 60-80 beats per minute. Studies conducted by music therapist’s states that music paced at this tempo produces physiological homeostasis [13]. Hence, slow musical rhythm representing classical music is associated with relaxation. An Australian physician and psychiatrist, Dr. John Diamond, found a direct link between muscle strength/weakness and music. He discovered that all of the muscles in the entire body go weak when subjected to the stop anapestic beat from hard rock music. As described by Dr. John Diamond this beat causes switching of neural messages between right and left hemispheres of brain causing alarm in the body along with lessened work performance, learning and behavior problems in children, and a general malaise in adults [13]. It even decreases many cognitive functions such as judgment, perception. Also, this beat has an addictive quality, and repeated exposure alters the homeostatic baseline resulting in higher resting heart rate and blood pressure values [13]. MUSIC IN THERAPY Musical sounds have a natural harmony between them. When combined in a specific manner, they have a relaxing, healing and harmonizing effect in balancing the energies of the body and invoking different feelings that influence even our DNA [4]. Moreover, studies by Susumu Ohno, a Japanese Geneticist and Musician suggests that when notes are assigned to the four nucleotide bases of DNA – cystine for do, adenine for re and mi, guanine for fa and sol, thymine for la and ti, the genes made music [4]. Thus, throwing light to the fact that music is inherent in us and is carried on from time immemorial as a healing tool. There are a wide variety of music based methods employed for various therapeutic purposes which are modified from patient to patient. Music therapy itself has emerged as an allied health profession, wherein music in its various forms is used to improve and maintain health. It aims to improve a persons quality of life by helping relieve symptoms, addressing psychological needs, offering support, facilitating communication, and meeting spiritual needs[4]. In addition, music therapists assist family and caregivers with coping, communication, and grief/bereavement [20]. Music in the field of neurorehabilitation is very broad ranging from treating motor deficits to speech disorders, from cognitive deterioration to dysfunction in emotional control, from coma conditions to hyperactivity [10]. Music activates simultaneously and synergistically, 3 cognitive components of the brain: Motor, Iconic/Symbolic and Verbal component [19]. The Motor component is the body gestures such as blowing, beating or tapping the feet that initiates music [10]. For example infants show preference for rhythm by synchronized rocking of cradle. Due to its association with the motor activities, music along with computer technology has been used to treat patients with spinal cord injuries, stroke that has resulted in physical disabilities [19]. Such electronic music programs are designed to activate auditory-motor representations in the patient’s mind thereby, contributing to restore motor functions. Iconic/Symbolic component involves translating music to visual images [10]. For example, Sound of music can be visualized as dark, shining, inspiring a sense of closure or opening; it may take shape or form colors [10]. In therapy, a method called Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) has been increasingly applied in the recovery of cognitive and emotional functions [5]. In this method, visual imagery is intentionally elicited in the mind of the patient originating from sound stimuli and is also effective in cardiac rehabilitation. Even in patients with Alzheimer’s, music is used to facilitate recalling visual scenes form the past, hence enhancing the production of autobiographical memories [12]. Lastly, the verbal component is the inflections of spoken language through musical sounds [10]. Both language and music involves putting discrete elements in sequence, notes in case of music and words in case of language [11]. Aphasia is an acquired language disorder involving difficulty in producing or comprehending spoken or written language [12]. Aphasic individuals having difficulty in grasping the linguistic aspects of language also, have difficulty in grasping the linguistic aspect of music in terms of harmonic relations [10]. However, trainings such as Music Intonation Therapy, focused on the sequential aspects of music helps in recovering the linguistic abilities. Also, studies indicate that when patients with mild-moderate Parkinson’s disease are made to walk while singing mentally, it helps to overcome gait disturbances [10]. Furthermore, the major effect of music in reducing pain, anxiety and stress is that it acts as distracter, focusing the patient’s attention away from the negative stimuli [3]. For example, when a child is upset, the introduction of a novel stimulus (turning on some music) will at least temporarily divert their attention away from what is upsetting them. Some hospitals play soft background music in intensive care units for premature babies. Researchers have found that such music, as well as a nurses or mothers humming, helps babies to gain weight faster and to leave the unit earlier than those who dont hear these sounds [12]. Music seems to activate the relaxation response, which helps promote deep breathing, lower heart rate, and lower blood pressure, ease muscle tension and create less stress. As difficulty in sleeping is a common problem for cancer patients, music can help them sleep better [19]. Relaxing the body can also help to relieve physical pain, and thereby patients may need less pain medication. For example, following heart bypass surgery, patients often experience erratic changes in blood pressure. Such changes are treated with drugs. However, studies show that those in intensive care units where background music is played require lower doses of these drugs compared with patients in units where no music is played [5]. An interesting application of music is with working activities. For instance, in Ghana gardeners work more swiftly when accompanied with music; some songs of sailors change according to the required maneuvers, thereby, linking music with workers health. Even during World War II, music was piped into the workplace to keep up morale and enhance production [7]. Hence, the concept of Music therapy is dependent on correct intonation and right use of the basic elements of music. It helps to subdue, the emotional imbalance and subsequently aids in healing the physical, psychological and mental health. Finally music recommended therapeutically should have the following characteristics [3]: * Slow and flowing music, approximately 60 to 80 beats per minute. * Non-lyrical Maximum volume level at 60dB * Patient’s own choice, with guidance. * Suitable equipment chosen for the specific situation. * A minimum duration of 30 minutes in length * Measurement, follow up, and documentation of the effects. MUSIC AS A RELAXATION TOOL FOR STRESS MANAGEMENT Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small doses, i t can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best [13]. But when you’re constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pays the price. The power of music is evident from the lullabies we would have listened to during our childhood; such maneuver was basically to relieve stress with music. It is understood that music calms our system and put us as ease as well as, aids in healing. When we are stressed for a long time and are relentlessly thinking about a problem, it takes on huge dimension and it seems highly impossible to come out of it. Music can elicit the body’s natural counterbalance to stress: The Relaxation Response [12]. When we listen to music of our liking, it changes our state of mind: we tend to forget our surroundings and get immersed in the sea of sounds. It is like you have entered another world, free of tensions, anxieties and many other petty things of life. It is like getting into a meditative state associated physiologically with decrease in the levels of adrenalin (involved in flight and fright response) and increase in serotonin levels (involved in altering mood and behavior) [2]. Thereby, bringing down the stress levels and leaving you with more space to deal with problems by creating a positive state of mind. Music also aids along with other stress relieving activities. Such as it can help to get into a zone or a frame of mind when practicing yoga, self hypnosis or guided imagery; it can help to feel energized while exercising or even help to dissolve the stress when soaking in the tub [6]. Listening to our favorite songs or music, transports us to happy memories, and happy days, and more happy days that are yet to come. Thereby, surrounding you with positive energy and more often helps you look on the bright side, letting stressful events roll off your back more easily. Finally for music to be an effective relaxation tool it is beneficial to consider the following [13]: * Select a music that you enjoy, an instrumental or an acoustic piece with a slow tempo. * The listening environment should be peaceful and comfortable. * Posture should be a meditative one, where you can sit or recline in a comfortable position with eyes closed or an active posture while involved in office work or housework with music in the background. Making your own music is an active style, where you sing, hum or play a musical instrument, or even compiling your own playlist into a CD so that you can play when you need or want to relax. Hence, music can be utilized as a very effective stress management tool. CONCLUSION Music has a great healing potential. The entire human energetic system is extremely influenced by sounds [7]. M usic in therapy, as well as a part of our life, alters the brain functions and subsequently, helps as a tool for recovery and relaxation. Multimodal nature of music offers scaffolding over which one can learn to perform movements, carry out cognitive functions or articulate verbal expressions [10]. We need to actively de-stress, relax and consciously devote a little time to find a state where the body can re-activate its wonderful self healing abilities. Music put in as a coping technique along with other therapies in Alternative medicine. Such as along with Yoga Therapy, Massage therapy, Autogenic Training, Tai chi, it enhances the therapeutic effect. It provides us a platform to train the brain to work for us rather than against us [8], and alleviates the stress caused by our lifestyles, diseases, disabilities, and various other factors. Music intervention can help maximize efforts to promote patient comfort and relaxation as well as reduce or reduce perioperative distress. Further research is required to better understand the rehabilitative power of music although; in one sense it belongs to medicine as an adjunct resource in healing [6].

Joan of England, Queen of Sicily

Joan of England, Queen of Sicily About Joan of England Known for: daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II of England, Joan of England lived through kidnapping and shipwreck Occupation: English princess, Sicilian queen Dates: October 1165 - September 4, 1199 Also known as: Joanna of Sicily More About Joan of England: Born in Anjou, Joan of England was the second youngest of the children of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II of England. Joan was born in Angers, grew up mainly in Poitiers, at the Fontevrault Abbey, and at Winchester. In 1176, Joans father agreed to her marriage to William II of Sicily. As was typical for royal daughters, the marriage served political purposes, as Sicily was looking for a closer alliance with England.   Her beauty impressed the ambassadors, and she traveled to Sicily, with a stop in Naples when Joan became ill. They arrived in January, and William and Joan were married in Sicily in February of 1177. Their only son, Bohemond, did not survive infancy; the existence of this son is not accepted by some historians. When William died in 1189 without an heir to succeed him, the new king of Sicily, Tancred, denied Joan her lands, and then imprisoned Joan. Joans brother, Richard I, on his way to the Holy Land for a crusade, stopped in Italy to demand Joans release and the full repayment of her dowry. When Tancred resisted, Richard took a monastery, by force, and then took the city of Messina. It was there that Eleanor of Aquitaine landed with Richards chosen bride, Berengaria of Navarre. There were rumors that Philip II of France wanted to marry Joan; he visited her in the convent in which she was staying.   Philip was the son of her mothers first husband. This would likely have raised objections from the church because of that relationship.   Tancred returned Joans dowry in money rather than giving her control of her lands and property. Joan took charge of Berengaria while her mother returned to England.   Richard set sail for the Holy Land, with Joan and Berengaria on a second ship. The ship with the two women was stranded in Cyprus after a storm. Richard narrowly rescued his bride and sister from Isaac Comnenus. Richard imprisoned Isaac and sent his sister and his bride to Acre, following shortly. In the Holy Land, Richard proposed that Joan marry Saphadin, also known as Malik al-Adil, the brother of the Muslim leader, Saladin. Joan and the proposed groom both objected on the basis of their religious differences. Returning to Europe, Joan married Raymond VI of Toulouse. This, too, was a political alliance, as Joans brother Richard was concerned that Raymond had an interest in Aquitaine. Joan gave birth to a son, Raymond VII, who later succeeded his father. A daughter was born and died in 1198. Pregnant for another time and with her husband away, Joan barely escaped a rebellion on the part of the nobility. Because her brother Richard had just died, she could not seek his protection. Instead, she made her way to Rouen where she found support from her mother. Joan entered Fontevrault Abbey, where she died giving birth. She took the veil just before she died. The newborn son died a few days later. Joan was buried at Fontevrault Abbey. Background, Family: Mother:  Eleanor of AquitaineFather: Henry II of EnglandSiblings:full siblings were William IX, Count of Poitiers; Henry the Young King; Matilda, Duchess of Saxony; Richard I of England; Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany;  Eleanor, Queen of Castile; John of Englandolder half-siblings were  Marie of France  and  Alix of France Marriage, Children: husband: William II of Sicily (married February 13, 1177)child: Bohemond, Duke of Apulia: died in infancyhusband: Raymond VI of Toulouse (married October 1196)children: Raymond VII of Toulouse; Mary of Toulouse; Richard of Toulouse

Sociolinguistics - Language, Dialects and Society

Sociolinguistics - Language, Dialects and Society Language is central to social interaction in every society, regardless of location and time period. Language and social interaction have a reciprocal relationship: language shapes social interactions and social interactions shape language. What is Sociolinguistics? Sociolinguistics is the study of the connection between language and society and the way people use language in different social situations. It asks the question, How does language affect the social nature of human beings, and how does social interaction shape language? It ranges greatly in depth and detail, from the study of dialects across a given region to the analysis of the way men and women speak to each other in certain situations. The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and ever-changing. As a result, language is not uniform or constant. Rather, it is varied and inconsistent for both the individual user and within and among groups of speakers who use the same language. People adjust the way they talk to their social situation. An individual, for instance, will speak differently to a child than he or she will to their college professor. This socio-situational variation is sometimes called register and depends no only on the occasion and relationship between the participants, but also on the participants’ region, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and gender. One way that sociolinguists study language is through dated written records. They examine both hand-written and printed documents to identify how language and society have interacted in the past. This is often referred to as historical sociolinguistics: the study of the relationship between changes in society and changes in language over time. For example, historical sociolinguists have studied the use and frequency of the pronoun thou in dated documents and found that its replacement with the word you is correlated with changes in class structure in 16th and 17th century England. Sociolinguists also commonly study dialect, which is the regional, social, or ethnic variation of a language. For example, the primary language in the United States is English. People who live in the South, however, often vary in the way they speak and the words they use compared to people who live in the Northwest, even though it is all the same language. There are different dialects of English, depending on what region of the country you are in. What Sociolinguists Study Researchers and scholars are currently using sociolinguistics to examine some interesting questions about language in the United States: There is vowel shift occurring in the North, in which pattered alterations to vowels is occurring in certain words. For example, many people in Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago are now pronouncing bat like bet and bet like but. Who is changing the pronunciation of these vowels, why are they changing it, and why/how is it spreading?What parts of African American Vernacular English grammar are being used by white middle-class teenagers? For example, white adolescents might compliment a peer’s clothes by saying, she money, a phrase associated with African Americans.What will be the impact on language in Louisiana due to the loss of monolingual French speakers in the Cajun region of Southern Louisiana? Will the French features of language be sustained even when these French speakers are gone?What slang terms do younger generations use to show their affiliation with certain subgroups and to distinguish themselves from their parents’ generation? For example, in the ea rly 2000s, teenagers described things that they enjoyed as cool, money, tight, or sweet, but definitely not swell, which is what their parents would have said when they were teenagers. Which words are pronounced differently according to age, gender, socioeconomic status, or race/ethnicity? For instance, African Americans often pronounce certain words differently than whites. Likewise, some words are pronounced differently depending on whether the person speaking was born after World War II or before.Which vocabulary words vary by region and time, and what are the different meanings associated with certain words? For example, in Southern Louisiana, a certain breakfast dish is often called lost bread while in other parts of the country, it is called French toast. Similarly, which words have changed over time? Frock, for instance, used to refer to a woman’s dress, while today frock is rarely used. Sociolinguists study many other issues as well. For instance, they often examine the values that hearers place on variations in language, the regulation of linguistic behavior, language standardization, and educational and governmental policies concerning language. References Eble, C. (2005). What is Sociolinguistics?: Sociolinguistics Basics. pbs.org/speak/speech/sociolinguistics/sociolinguistics/.

Regulating Corporate Power and Company Law in United Kingdom Essay

Regulating Corporate Power and Company Law in United Kingdom - Essay Example Pirg, 2007)1. Though this can be seen as a positive development by Congress, in favour of public interest, a lot more needs to be done in protecting the public. There is a lot to be desired, but governments around the world face stiff legislative moves by an entity, that seeks to make the most of their interest at the interest of the public- the corporate. On 3 October 2002, the contract of the British Railway with Railtrack came to an end, which initiated the government to establish Network Rail as the new contractor, provided Network Rail guaranteed that it would reinvest the profits into further railway infrastructure development in the pursuit of a safer and more reliable railway system. On closer observation, it is clear that these guarantees raise serious concerns in respect of the accountability of Network Rail; firstly, as its status as a private sector organisation, and secondly, its implications for the Treasury and the tax payer. This view could have been avoided had the Government adopted an alternative approach, commonly referred to as a 'government sponsored enterprise'. This would have given the government more authority in handling such a vital transport system in the country. This was not to be, and the government again goofed up an opportunity to gain increased control of the railway infrastructure at a significantly reduced price. The corporate was successful in twisting the government arm to its benefit (Lisa Whitehouse, 2003)2. Large, transnational corporations (TNC) are becoming increasingly powerful. Additional problems result from a variety of social injustice and human rights violations. This is not to say that corporates are a bane to society, but the muscle power of corporates to dictate and run policies in their favour is most disturbing. Profits are the driving factor, and not workers satisfaction. Corporates work tirelessly to improve their market presence and in the bargain, has no time or inclination to focus on the treatment vetted to their co-workers, or how society and the environment are affected. Sometimes, the role of these multinational giants can be seen in the backdrop of deliberate abdication of social clauses and regulations to maximise their profits. These companies manipulate international trade pacts and agreements, in order to maximise profits, such as cheap labour, government incentives and subsidies, tax rebates and so on (Anup Shah, 2002)3. Tax avoidance adds to the woes of the general public. Suppressing the formation of workers union to fight for their co-workers justice, these corporates run the show to their advantage at all levels. The future for the workers looks

Analysis of an ethical dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of an ethical dilemma - Essay Example Instead, they pursued suspension pending the court’s ruling. While ethical and moral standards should be held important, a system of order reflected in the justice system should be adhered to before implementing a course of action. In establishing the importance of due process, it is not in anyway disregarding the rights of the animals which were cruelly disregarded in the case. This is primarily the ethical dilemma of weighing the importance between the rights of the animals and the right of the person accused of the crime. The position stated in this paper is not about choosing sides and is not about disregarding the nature of the crime. It is the upholding of the value of the equality of rights afforded to everyone who is considered innocent, unless proven guilty. In the end, the cause is better championed if the legal process was followed. Respect for life is a top agenda for human beings. The right to live with dignity has been afforded to an individual the moment he is born. A person should determine his purpose in life while growing up and not the other way around. No individual has the right to define or determine a purpose for another person before he is even born. It is the individual himself who has to right to decide on the direction he plans to take. The integrity of being human lies in the power of the person to direct himself and decide on his own. An individual is therefore accountable to himself for whatever harm or insult is inflicted upon him. This will only hold water if no outside force is involved in the infliction of harm. This outside force refers to other people with their own selfish, ulterior and deliberate motives. Having said all of these, are these concepts now applicable to animals? Are we not at the same level, being all products of creation? Animals like humans deserve the right to live and partake of the benefits of creation. Humans may be superior to animals in terms of intellect but

Analysis of Barbie Doll Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Barbie Doll Essay The Devastation of Social Pressure One would think that growing up would be a fun, not a worry in the world, happy experience. Yes, that is the way it should be, but that’s not always the case, especially for women. As girls season into women they realize they not only have to face the fact that they’re in a patriarchal society, but also the influences and pressure they face in the social aspect of things, such as their looks and body image. There is so much competition amongst girls, especially when transitioning into a woman and through most of their adulthood. So instead of being able to enjoy life and absorbing the true quality of it, we are side tracked with superficial, stereotypical, shallow thoughts and images of how we think life is supposed to be. Although, who’s to say what’s right and what’s wrong with the way we interpret things? Marge Piercy, who wrote the poem â€Å"Barbie Doll†, has a very strong view of how destructive social pressure can be to a girl through her transitioning stages into a woman. She expresses how the Barbie doll, the toy figurine that woman idealize, is, in fact, a method of corruption to a young girl. First and for most we must understand who the persona is in the poem, which is a woman, and more specifically Marge Piercy herself. She is observing a young girl going from Wolfe 2 childhood, adolescents, adulthood and then death in a roundabout way. Starting with the first stanza, of four, the persona explains of a young girl, and her playing with a doll, the Mattel’s Barbie doll to be precise. This doll is to be described as tall, blonde hair, blue eyes and it has the perfect body. The girl, â€Å"†¦presented dolls that pee-pee/and miniature GE stoves and irons/ and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy† (2-4). The words iron, stove, and lipstick are all play-things for the girl, but are also identity markers. Such that the doll represents the ideal body image, the iron and stove tells us what type of work is expected of the girl when she becomes an adult (keep in mind that this poem was written in the nineteen seventies and that woman in the work force was still a very small percentage, thus women were still very domesticated) and the lipstick is to imply a sexual innuendo. In the last line in the first stanza the girl goes through puberty and no time is wasted before a classmate judges and criticizes her, â€Å"You have a great big nose and fat legs† (6). Going through puberty is a stage of growth. Adolescents become more aware of their social standing and sexual being. As we read further, the doll, she once played with, will create a major impact on her; in the aspect of her body image and the pressure she faces from her peers. In the second stanza we see how the woman is dissatisfied with herself even though she is â€Å"healthy and tested intelligent/possessed strong arms and back/ abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity† (7-9). The persona continues to say, â€Å"She went to and fro apologizing/Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs† (10-11). The traits that this woman possesses, is in every way correct; however, she is so sure her physical traits are unacceptable to the culture. No matter what she sees in the mirror or what she hears, this won’t change her opinion about herself image. She has been brainwashed about her looks and she doesn’t think she is good enough. She goes around apologizing to everyone about the person she has become, believing there is no way she can change, at least in a healthy manner. In the third stanza we read how society is forcing the woman to change her healthy ways, physically, into something she isn’t. She does what she can to fit into society by, â€Å"†¦play[ing] coy/ exhorted to come on hearty/ exercise, diet, smile and wheedle† (12-14). She had so much pressure from every direction, she felt obligated to try and conform her body into what society viewed as ideal, which we know of as the Barbie doll toy. This idea was short lived. Instead of standing her grounds and accepting the individual that she is, she drowns. Society got the best of her, â€Å"Her good nature wore out/ like a fan belt† (15-16). She gave up and paid the ultimate price to be accepted in society, â€Å"†¦she cut off her nose and her legs/ and offered them up† (17-18). Now that she has removed her flaws she temporarily relinquishes her depression, weakness, and anxiety. Now that she has met the, impossible, unrealistic, standard, she can permanently wash her existences away and leave her shell of beauty behind. In the final Stanza, Piercy highlights the theme of the poem. Simply put, women aren’t accepted into society unless they represent the ideal woman. Now that the woman is free of body flaws and has had a makeover, she can be accepted into her culture even though we know this isn’t her true self. What must this say about the society she has been exposed to? In order to survive in this specific culture, if we’re not perfect, is to become someone we’re not. So not only do we have to try to live up to a standard that is not comprehendible but we also have to be fake. In the middle of the last stanza Piercy explains, â€Å"with the undertaker’s cosmetics painted on/a turned-up putty nose/dressed in a pink and white nightie† (20-22). The woman now has the superficial , but perfect, looks. She is manipulated (physically) so she can finally be recognized. Letting a society make this woman frail and surrender to being her own individual shows a lack of values and morals within herself. Having our own opinions, life experiences and ethics make us who we are and if we were all the same or are held up to the same expectations what would life be like? Would we all act like robots? Clones? As the woman has been re-configured, shallow talks are amongst her, â€Å"Doesn’t she look pretty? everyone said/Consummation at last/To every woman a happy ending† (23-25). Mission complete, she achieved her goal; she is pretty, unflawed, and looks like the ideal woman.

Reality and Experience in Young Goodman Brown Essay examples -- Litera

In reading Nathaniel Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown, many issues come up that arouse interest in topics of knowledge, evil, reality, amongst other things. During my experience reading this text, how Goodman Brown's outlook changed based on information revealed to him that may not even be the "reality" of the people he knows was fascinating. That knowledge gained outside traditional and physical realms can affect the mind and the perception of the world is a fascinating subject. I also found this interesting in conjunction with some of the concepts of literary critics we reviewed this week, as the question of what literature is and what it should do becomes important in the discussion of what happens to Goodman Brown, but subsequently what happens to the reader of his story. To begin, the introduction to Goodman Brown begins with introducing characters that seem to exemplify youthfulness, earnestness, and innocence. Interactions between Goodman and Faith, such as the "parting kiss" (Hawthorne 239), and even the description of Faith, whose cap contains pink ribbons that the wind plays with contains a sense of whimsy and playfulness that sets the reader up thinking of the young couple in positive terms. However, Goodman changes this quickly with his discussion of leaving, as well as his parting. At this point, we see the conflict within the characterization of Goodman Brown emerge, referring to himself as "a wretch...to leave her on such an errand" (239), a contrast to the initial idea presented of him. This is the beginning of what interested me so much, as the appearance of Goodman Brown was presented ambiguously and painted to be "good" by his interactions with Faith, who was described in a bit more detail. The same can be sa... ...or they were representations within an offshoot of "reality" within his own mind based on his experiences in the world. Furthering this, the reader has the same experience with the fictitious world of Goodman Brown, as even though it is a work of fiction, it is grounded in reality based on its ideas alone. All in all, I found the exploration of reality in Young Goodman Brown to be pivotal in its own right, as the function of "reality" and what defines it in literature and its effect not only depends on the author and the content of the work itself. Instead, the transactional nature of art requires a meshing of ideals and experiences to come together to create meaning independent of a single idea or concept. Works Cited Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2011. Print. .

Kids Health Essay

1.1:- Explain what it means to have a duty of care in own work role. 1.2:- Explain how a duty of care contributes to safeguarding or protection of individuals. Having a duty of care is an obligation to a professional, a child and family. Any family placing a child within an early years setting should feel that staff members will take full care of their child and that they will be safe. Any professional caring for a child would be held responsible if the minimum standard of care is not met. â€Å"If a duty of care is not met in a role that requires it, then the responsible person can be held accountable for allowing negligence to occur.† Meggit (2011) Providing a duty of care to a child is to ensure that they are at no harm. This would mean that a professional would need to be aware of giving the child right amount of attention, watching for potential hazards and making wise choices in the steps taken to ensure a child’s safety. There are legislations that early years setting must take full consideration of when proving a duty of care. Such as the Child Care Act 2006. This act incorporates the welfare standards in which all staff who look after children under the age of 8 should comply with. In September 2008 it became a legal responsible for care givers to ensure that all provisions are met. The welfare requirements of this are that within setting there should be an adult to child ratio. Every child matters used to be a government requirement but now it is guidance. This framework helps to safeguard and protect children. This framework says that children must be; Safe Healthy Achieve economically Contribute to society positively Enjoy life Safeguarding is very important within any early year’s setting. Safeguarding helps to protect children from malnutrition and negligence. Some safeguarding procedures within my own work placement are signing in and out books and everyday security checks. This means on my arrival I am asked to present my student ID or any other form to prove who I am. I cannot enter the child care setting at all, as all doors are controlled from the office inside. All doors are kept locked, and have pin locks on them. This ensures that even if an adult was able to get into the setting doors would be sealed. One example of duty of care not being given is about a small girl that died. Molly Cunliffe was unlawfully killed, in a nursery setting, in July 2007 when she was left in the care of an unqualified 17-year old student. The 16 month old child choked on a cloth bag tie when in her cot. Mr. Cunliffe says that â€Å"This is the result in unforgivable negligence and the needless death of our daughter Molly.† Nursery world (10/3/2014) There are a number of ways that providing a duty of care contributes to the safe guarding or protection of individuals. These include; Adult to child ratio’s Procedures Indoor and outdoor checks Security checks (ID), sign in and out book Trained first aiders Unqualified staff always supervised Uniform CCTV CRB/DBS checks Counting children on a regular basis/ registers Look belongings away/ phones locked away Visitor badge On arrival at my placement I am let in when a member of staff recognises me. I am then instantly told to sign myself in and security check to ensure that I am who I say I am. This means I need to present my student ID. This helps to protect children from strange people coming into the building. The setting is also a looked premises. This helps staff to know who is in the building. When arriving into my room, I am asked to sign into the room. Children are also signed in and out of the room. Children are also counted regular throughout the day. This ensures that no child is missing. When going to placement I am expected to wear my uniform. On my uniform its states when I am from and when course I am doing. With my uniform I am asked to wear a student badge. This helps to protect children because they are aware that I am supposed to be there. Adults and parents can also see that I am working with their children for a reason and that I am no danger. When arriving at placement I place all my items in a locker. This has to have  my phone in and any other valuables. This ensures safeguarding because it prevents me and other professionals from taking photographs of children or adding confidential information on social networking sites. Procedures such as accident, illness and injury forms help to protect children and members of staff. These forms are kept confidential but parents are able to look at these records as and when they like. It also protects staff from allegations. At my placement they have CCTV and open nappy changing rooms. CCTV helps to ensure that all children are protected and are always visible to staff. This can help when an adult or child may make an allegation. Open changing rooms help protect children and their confidentiality. CCTV means that staff are visible at all times but children being changed cannot be seen on the camera. As I am an unqualified adult in the setting, I am always supervised by qualified members of staff. This protects children because they will always be supervised by someone that they know and feel safe around. There is also a trained first aider within the setting that will be able to assist when a child is injured. 2.1:- Describe potential conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and the individual’s rights. Everyone is entitled to their basic human rights. These are the right to food, shelter, health care, safety and protection from abuse. Children in generally will not be able to stand up for themselves. United Nations drew up a charter ‘The United Convention’ on the rights of a child. â€Å"The Children and Young Person’s Act 1933 consolidated all existing â€Å"child protection† work at that time into one act† Child protection (17/11/11) The children and young people’s act 1933 imposes a criminal responsibility for adults. This means that if an adult chooses to leave their child in the care of someone, and something was to happen, they would be held responsible. Choosing inadequate care for a child would be seen as neglect. Potential dilemmas or conflicts that could arise within a setting could be; A child’s appearance and hygiene: Dirty clothes, unkempt, smelly Constant and unexplained bruises and injuries Change in personality and behaviour: Changing from quiet to very unsettled or aggressive. Dramatic change in weigh, food problems: Change in appetite or stealing food. Continuously saying and reporting things that happen: Telling members of staff that they have been hit. Dilemmas or conflict would be managed within setting by arranging regular meetings. This wouldn’t just focus on a child’s concerns but also a child’s achievements. Regular meetings would keep a parent updated in any changes. This also offers an opportunity for professionals to support a parent if they need the support and advice. Policies and procedures such as confidentiality and safeguarding are always available for parents to read and understand. Parents would read and sign the policies and procedures to show that they understand and agree with what they settings do in relevance to safeguarding and providing a duty of care to their child. Having policies and procedures helps to ensure that that parents are fully informed of any action they would need to take if an issue was bought up. Although professionals will keep things confidential, if a child is at risk someone else would needs to be informed. Forms and information regarding a parent’s child are always available for them to read. Professionals will build up a strong trust worthy relationship with parents and child so that they feel any issues or concerns can be dealt with calmly. This will help to ensure that if conflict does happen, the adults knows that they are talking to someone that trust them, understands them and will offer professional advice. Some situations such as behaviour, health and safety and confidentiality can or may cause conflict. These may arise between an individual’s rights and the duty of care. Confidentiality: The possible risk may be that the child is a risk of significant harm. It isn’t always possible to keep confidentiality if concerns are raised about a child’s safety. If confidentiality is broken, conflict could arise though losing the trust of the parent. Ways of managing the risks are settings having policies and procedures regarding confidentiality and safeguarding. Parents should be aware of the procedures professionals may need to take when a concern is bought up. Health and safety: A health and safety risk may be a child being left un supervised at home alone. This could but the child in serious danger. Also if a child is regularly absent for nursery/school, this could cause a concern. Ways of managing the risks are to offer guidance and support to adult/parents about breakfast clubs and after school clubs. Additional support could be giving them leaflets to help with financial and child care cost. Behaviour: If a child has a dramatic change in behaviour; for example changing from very calm to unsettled or aggressive, could be signs of a further medical condition such as ADHD. It can also affect a child’s learning and development if they are progressively finding it hard to concentrate on activities or group reading time. A way settings would manage this would be to have a good behavioural management and to speak to parents about there prefer way of dealing with bad behaviour. If a setting felt that  a parent’s behaviour management wasn’t affective enough, professionals could other strategies. 2.3:- Explain where to get additional support and advice about conflicts and dilemmas. There is a wide range of additional support that can offer advice about conflicts and dilemmas such as LEA (Local Educational Authority) This authority offers advice on special educational needs. They are educational advisors. These advisors will draw up an individual plan for a child. This should be reviewed every year. The special educational needs coordinator (SENCO) will work in partner shit with settings, children and parents to find the right support the child needs. â€Å"Parents should be involved in developing the individual’s educational plan, and the child should also get the chance for input.† Young Minds (2014) Another place professionals can get additional advice from is health services such as school nurses and play therapists. School nurses not only deal with children being ill, they also have an important role in promoting good health. â€Å"School nurses do vision and hearing screenings and a children how to take care of themselves.† Kids Health (2014) School nurses also work with children with special needs such as diabetes and teach them about their condition and monitor them while they are in the setting. Nurses give patients and families compassionate support when they need it. A play therapist also works with children that may have problems such as; Loss through bereavements, family breakups and separation Illness or disability Experienced neglect and abuse Children with low self esteem and anxiety issues Play therapist will adapt to suit individual needs and appropriate age. Play therapist helps children to explore their feelings and emotions and make sense of them. Play therapists work with children through role play, sensory play and different toys to help build a trust relationship between them. Social service work closely in partnership to help advise about conflict and dilemmas. â€Å"Social services have a statutory obligation to safeguard and promote the welfare of vulnerable children and can provide a wide range of services to children and their parents.† Family lives (2014) Charities offer addition support to practitioners and advise through different groups of people. Some charities that offer addition support are; Barnado’s NSPCC Save the children Noah’s arch bereavement support The NSPCC (National Society For Prevention Of cruelty To Children.) offer addition support through a help line. They are a 24 hour service. This allows practitioners to discuss child pretention concerns. They also offer and information service where practitioners can find out changes in child protection policies, practice and research. Noah’s ark is a charity based on offer support to children with limited or life threatening illness. This charity works closely in partnership with families and other agencies by offering flexible support. They help families live positively and support them through bereavement. They offer emotional and physical support through the child’s life. 3.1:- Describe how to respond to complaints. When responding to complaints, there are things practitioners should and should not do. Should: Practitioners should always remain in a professional manor. This would mean following set procedures and remaining calm when dealing with any complaints made. It is also important so that bonds and relationships are not broken. Remaining confidential is very important. People remain confidential to avoid conflict. The only time when confidentiality is broken is when there is a safeguarding issue. Following the confidentiality procedure will prevent people taking sides and gossiping about the situation. It is important that practitioner always explain the importance of the issue. This means making people aware of what is going on. By following policies and procedures, the situation can be resolved. When responding to complaints, good body language will show that a practitioner is listening to what the other person has to say. Being attentive will show that their views are being listened to and understood. Making eye contact and informs the speaker that they are being listened to and will show that they are empathising them. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. people will usually make eye contact as a signal that they are ready to listen.† Meggit (2011) Shouldn’t :- When responding to complaints there are many things that practitioners should not do. Practitioners should not dismiss people’s opinions and views. This can cause them to feel threatened and make them think that their views and opinion are not valued. Do not interrupt when the other person is speaking. This can seem rude and make them feel that they are in the wrong. All opinions should be valued and dealt with fairly. Practitioners should not be judgemental. If people are judged they may feel that their opinion is being dismissed and they are in the wrong. Practitioners should never compare. If an individual is compare to another can make them feel out casted and different. It is important to remember that all children are different and develop at different stages. No child is unable to do something; they are working towards achieving it. 3.2:- Explanation of main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints. Policies and procedures: All early years settings will have policies and procedures for making complaints. This will make people aware that if they have complaints to make they know where to go and how it will be dealt with. Have relevant forms for complaint makings. This will allow the setting to deal with the complaint quickly and effectively. All complaints should be treated as important no matter what the complaint is about. When a complaint is made, it should be dealt with immediately. This will prevent the situation getting worst. Depending on the seriousness of complaint, it would be made to the manager or a named person. For example the safeguarding officer, governors or local authorities. If the report is made against the manager is should be taken to the person next in command. A meeting should be help separately for the relevant people to talk about the situation. This meeting should be held in privacy. Both staff/adult should be allowed a witness with them so that they feel safe. During a meeting notes should be taken on the situation, but they should always be repeated and explained. No meeting should end without an action or review date. This could be signing an agreement of the action taken and to agree that they complaint has been resolved.

Oscar Wilde

In a town where a lot of poor people suffer, a swallow who was left behind after his flock flew off to Egypt for the winter meets the statue of the late â€Å"Happy Prince†, who in reality has never experienced true happiness. Viewing various scenes of people suffering in poverty from his tall monument, the Happy Prince asks the swallow to take the ruby from his hilt, the sapphires from his eyes, and the golden leaf covering his body to give to the poor.As the winter comes and the Happy Prince is stripped of all of his beauty, his lead heart breaks when the swallow dies as a result of his selfless deeds. The statue is then torn down and melted leaving behind the broken heart and the dead swallow which are taken up to heaven by an angel that has deemed them the two most precious things in the city by God, so they may live forever in his city of gold and garden of paradise. Adaptations[edit] †¢A radio drama adaption by Columbia Workshop was broadcast on 26 December 1936.A r ecord album was produced in the 1940s by American Decca Records, with Orson Welles narrating and Bing Crosby as the Prince. [1] †¢In 1969 New Zealand group the La De Das recorded and performed a rock opera based on the story. Band members Bruce Howard and Trevor Wilson conceived the idea in 1967, composing the music with Australian poet Adrian Rawlins narrating the story. †¢An animated version of the story was produced in 1974, starring Glynis Johns as the swallow and Christopher Plummer as the Prince. See The Happy Prince (film).Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child presented a version of the title story set in New York City featuring Ed Koch as the Happy Prince (who was the statue of the city's previous mayor) and Cyndi Lauper as a streetwise pigeon named â€Å"Pidge† (in place of the Swallow). †¢Leo the Lion Records released a reading of the story performed by Richard Kiley on a recording (#GD01603) including a dramatization of â€Å"The Magic Fis hbone† by Charles Dickens featuring Julie Harris and Ian Martin and a reading of Rudyard Kipling's story â€Å"The Potted Princess† performed by Ms.  Harris.McDull, Prince de la Bun was partially based on this story. †¢In 2012 the Irish composer Vincent Kennedy and playwright John Nee adapted the story for narrator, chorus and orchestra. The Happy Prince was premiered in County Donegal, Ireland in April 2012 with John Nee narrating and acting and Vincent Kennedy conducting and performing. It was broadcast on RTE Junior. [3] †¢A 1992 musical written by Sue Casson based on the story. [4] †¢In 2014, composer Stephen DeCesare released and published his adaption of the â€Å"Happy Prince† as a children's musical.â€Å"The Nightingale and the Rose†[edit] A nightingale overhears a student complaining that his professor's daughter will not dance with him, as he is unable to give her a red rose. The nightingale visits all the rose-trees in the gard en, and one of the roses tells her there is a way to produce a red rose, but only if the nightingale is prepared to sing the sweetest song for the rose all night with her heart pressing into a thorn, sacrificing her life. Seeing the student in tears, and valuing his human life above her bird life, the nightingale carries out the ritual.She impales herself on the rose-tree's thorn so that her heart's blood can stain the rose. The student takes the rose to the professor's daughter, but she again rejects him because another man has sent her some real jewels and â€Å"everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers. † The student angrily throws the rose into the gutter, returns to his study of metaphysics, and decides not to believe in true love anymore. Adaptations[edit] Main article: Music based on the works of Oscar Wilde There are many adaptations of this story in the form of operas and ballets.These include: †¢One act opera by Renzo Bossi, an Italian composer, (C omo 1883 – Milan 1965) in one act, op. 18, 1910 (libretto by Bossi, after Wilde,: The Nightingale and the Rose), Italian Radio Turin, 9 August 1938; staged Parma, Teatro Regio, 9 January 1940); see the link. †¢A cantata by Henry Hadley, an American composer and conductor, (Somerville, Massachusetts, 1871 – New York, 1937) The Nightingale and the Rose, (libretto E. W. Grant), op. 54, S, SSAA, orchestra (New York, 1911); see the link. †¢An opera by Hooper Brewster-Jones, an Australian composer (Orroroo, S.Australia, 1887 – Adelaide, 1949) The Nightingale and the Rose, 1927 (after Wilde of which only an orchestral suite survives. †¢A ballet by Harold Fraser-Simson, an English composer, (London, 1872 – Inverness, 1944) The Nightingale and the Rose, (based on Wilde) (1927); [www. fullerswood. fsnet. co. uk/fraser-simson. htm see the link]. †¢A ballet by Janis Kalnins, a Canadian composer and conductor of Latvian parentage. (Parnu, Estonia, 3 November 1904 – Fredericton 30 November 2000) Lakstigala un roze [The Nightingale and the Rose], (after Oscar Wilde), Riga, 1938.†¢A ballet by Friedrich Voss, a German composer and pianist (b. Halberstadt, 1930) Die Nachtigall und die Rose (G. Furtwangler, after Oscar Wilde), 1961; Oberhausen, 5 January 1962; see the Breitkopf’s page †¢An opera by Jonathan Rutherford, a British composer (b 1953) – The Nightingale and the Rose, (after Wilde, 1966; link. †¢One act opera by Margaret Garwood, an American composer (born Haddonfield, NJ, 1927) The Nightingale and the Rose, (libretto by Garwood, after Oscar Wilde, Chester, Widener College Alumni Auditorium, 21 Oct 1973 †¢One act chamber opera by Elena Firsova, a Russian composer, op.  46 (1991)The Nightingale and the Rose, (libretto by Firsova, after Oscar Wilde, premiered on 8 July 1994 at Almeida Theatre, Almeida Opera;at the Boosey & Hawkes page. †¢One act ballet by David Earl, a South A frican composer (b 1951) – The Nightingale and the Rose, 1983 Literary Adaptations[edit] †¢A Sufi poem called al-Zib wa al-Kis reworks Oscar Wilde's plot around a mystical theme â€Å"The Selfish Giant†[edit] The Selfish Giant owns a beautiful garden which has 12 peach trees and lovely fragrant flowers, in which children love to play after returning from the school.On the giant's return from seven years visiting his friend the Cornish Ogre, he takes offense at the children and builds a wall to keep them out. He put a notice board â€Å"TRESSPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED†. The garden falls into perpetual winter. One day, the giant is awakened by a linnet, and discovers that spring has returned to the garden, as the children have found a way in through a gap in the wall. He sees the error of his ways, and resolves to destroy the wall. However, when he emerges from his castle, all the children run away except for one boy who was trying to climb a tree.The giant h elps this boy into the tree and announces: â€Å"It is your garden now, little children,† and knocks down the wall. The children once more play in the garden, and spring returns. But the boy that the Giant helped does not return and the Giant is heartbroken. Many years later after happily playing with the children all the time, the Giant is old and feeble. One winter morning, he awakes to see the trees in one part of his garden in full blossom. He descends from the castle to discover the boy that he once helped lying beneath a beautiful white tree that the Giant has never seen before.The Giant sees that the boy bears the stigmata. He does not realize that the boy is actually the Christ Child and is furious that somebody has wounded him. â€Å"†Who hath dared to wound thee? † cried the Giant; â€Å"tell me, that I may take my big sword and slay him. † â€Å"Nay! † answered the child; â€Å"but these are the wounds of Love. † â€Å"Who art tho u? † said the Giant, and a strange awe fell on him, and he knelt before the little child. And the child smiled on the Giant, and said to him, â€Å"You let Me play once in your garden, to-day you shall come with Me to My garden, which is Paradise.† †Shortly afterwards. the happy giant dies. That same afternoon, his body is found lying under the tree, covered in blossoms. Adaptations[edit] English light music composer Eric Coates wrote the orchestral Phantasy The Selfish Giant in 1925. [5] In 1933–1934, violinist-composer Jeno Hubay adapted the story into a Hungarian languageopera, Az onzo orias (Der selbstsuchtige Riese), Op. 124. The libretto was written by Laszlo Markus and Jeno Mohacsi. A record album was produced in the 1940s by American Decca, narrated by Fredric March, with a full unnamed supporting cast.In 1971, Peter Sander wrote and produced an animated version of The Selfish Giant for CTV in Canada. The music was by Ron Goodwin. It was nominated a t the 44th Academy Awards (1972) in the Animated Short Subject category, one of only three films to receive a nomination. It was first broadcast in November that year. [6] In the 1990s, the Australian team of composer Graeme Koehne and choreographer Graeme Murphy created a children's ballet based on The Selfish Giant.In the 1997 film Wilde, based on the life of the author, portions of the The Selfish Giant are woven in, with Wilde and his wife telling the story to their children, the portions reflecting on his relationship with them and others: the sadness of the children who can no longer play in the giant's garden is reflected in that of Wilde's sons as their beloved father spends more time with his lovers than with them. In 2009, composer Stephen DeCesare adapted the â€Å"Selfish Giant† as a musical. In 2010, composer Dan Goeller wrote an orchestral interpretation of the story.That same year Chris Beatrice created new illustrations for the story. In 2011 they released a c ombination of a CD containing the orchestration and new narration by Martin Jarvis, plus the newly illustrated book. An illustrated and abridged version was published in 2013 by Alexis Deacon. A British feature film called The Selfish Giant was released in 2013, said to be ‘inspired by' Wilde's story, though the connection between them is oblique as the film concerns two unruly boys and an unscrupulous scrap metal dealer.â€Å"The Devoted Friend†[edit] See also The Devoted Friend Hans is a gardener, the devoted friend of a rich miller. On the basis of this friendship, the miller helps himself to flowers from Hans' garden, and promises to give Hans an old, broken wheelbarrow, to replace one that Hans was forced to sell so that he could buy food. Against this promise, the miller compels Hans to run a series of arduous errands for him. One stormy night, the miller asks Hans to fetch a doctor for his sick son.Returning from the doctor, Hans is lost on the moors in the storm and drowns in a pool of water. After Hans' funeral, the miller's only emotion is regret as he has been unable to dispose of the wheelbarrow. The story is told by a linnet to an intellectual water-rat, who fancies himself a literary critic; the water-rat is sympathetic to the miller rather than Hans, and storms off on being informed that the story has a moral. â€Å"The Remarkable Rocket†[edit] This story concerns a firework, who is one of many to be let off at the wedding of a prince and princess.The rocket is extremely pompous and self-important, and denigrates all the other fireworks, eventually bursting into tears to demonstrate his â€Å"sensitivity†. As this makes him wet, he fails to ignite, and, the next day, is thrown away into a ditch. He still believes that he is destined for great public importance, and treats a frog, dragonfly, and duck that meet him with appropriate disdain. Two boys find him, and use him for fuel on their camp-fire. The rocket is finally lit and explodes, but nobody observes him – the only effect he has is to frighten a goose with his falling stick.The Remarkable Rocket, unlike the other stories in the collection, contains a large number of Wildean epigrams: â€Å"Conversation, indeed! † said the Rocket. â€Å"You have talked the whole time yourself. That is not conversation. † â€Å"Somebody must listen,† answered the Frog, â€Å"and I like to do all the talking myself. It saves time, and prevents arguments. † â€Å"But I like arguments,† said the Rocket. â€Å"I hope not,† said the Frog complacently. â€Å"Arguments are extremely vulgar, for everybody in good society holds exactly the same opinions. â€Å"

Free Essays on Why Drop Out

Why Drop Out? Each fall a new crop of first year college students, wavering between high hopes for the future and intense anxiety about their new status, scan college maps searching for their classrooms. They have been told repeatedly that college is the key to a well-paying job, and they certainly don't want to support themselves by flipping hamburgers or working at some other dead-end job. With notebooks ready, they await what college has in store. Unfortunately many of them, indeed over thirty percent, will not return after the first year. Why do so many students leave? There are several reasons. Students leave college because they either find the academic program too hard, lack the proper study habits or motivation, fall victim to the temptations of the college environment, or simply for preexisting personal reasons. Not surprisingly, the academic shortcomings of college students have strong links to high school. In the past, a high-school student who lacked the ability or desire to take a college-preparatory course could settle for a diploma in general studies and afterward find a job with decent pay. Now that possibility scarcely exists, so many poorly prepared students feel compelled to try college. Getting accepted by some schools isn't difficult. Once in, though, the student who has taken nothing beyond general mathematics, English, and science faces serious trouble when confronted with college algebra, freshman composition, and biological or physical science. Most colleges do offer remedial courses and other assistance that may help some weaker students to survive. In spite of everything, however, many others find themselves facing ever-worsening grade point averages and either fail or just give up. Like academic shortcomings, poor study habits have their roots in high school, where even average students can often breeze through with a minimum of effort. In many schools, outside assignments are rare and so easy that they re... Free Essays on Why Drop Out Free Essays on Why Drop Out Why Drop Out? Each fall a new crop of first year college students, wavering between high hopes for the future and intense anxiety about their new status, scan college maps searching for their classrooms. They have been told repeatedly that college is the key to a well-paying job, and they certainly don't want to support themselves by flipping hamburgers or working at some other dead-end job. With notebooks ready, they await what college has in store. Unfortunately many of them, indeed over thirty percent, will not return after the first year. Why do so many students leave? There are several reasons. Students leave college because they either find the academic program too hard, lack the proper study habits or motivation, fall victim to the temptations of the college environment, or simply for preexisting personal reasons. Not surprisingly, the academic shortcomings of college students have strong links to high school. In the past, a high-school student who lacked the ability or desire to take a college-preparatory course could settle for a diploma in general studies and afterward find a job with decent pay. Now that possibility scarcely exists, so many poorly prepared students feel compelled to try college. Getting accepted by some schools isn't difficult. Once in, though, the student who has taken nothing beyond general mathematics, English, and science faces serious trouble when confronted with college algebra, freshman composition, and biological or physical science. Most colleges do offer remedial courses and other assistance that may help some weaker students to survive. In spite of everything, however, many others find themselves facing ever-worsening grade point averages and either fail or just give up. Like academic shortcomings, poor study habits have their roots in high school, where even average students can often breeze through with a minimum of effort. In many schools, outside assignments are rare and so easy that they re...