Defeat of the Red Army Essay Example for Free

Destruction of the Red Army Essay By taking a gander at what the zones where the Soviets fizzled during their in Afghanistan, we can additionally build up our counterinsurgency strategies and regulation and shape our powers. Mujahideen Defeats of the Red Army A significant and exceptional occasion in history was the Soviet-Afghan War. The Afghans, similar to their precursors, struggled an unfriendly, attacking power that needed to command their country. â€Å"For the first run through, Afghanistan would turn into the focal point of a cutting edge skillet Arab Jihad (Holy War)† (Hill, 2008). The Afghans were battling a war of whittling down similarly as their precursors did during the Anglo-Afghan Wars. The Afghans would end up utilizing current weapons that had the capability of causing a high number losses and displacement of more prominent extents. The distinction between the Afghans in the Soviet-Afghan War and the Afghans who battled in the Anglo-Afghan war would be the assistance and backing from outside superpowers. Before the finish of the Soviet-Afghan War, the Soviet Union was at the purpose of falling; the Afghans and the individuals who were helping them were taking a gander at a triumph. How could such an incredible nation like the Soviet Union be vanquished by the Afghans? The Soviet Union lost the Soviet-Afghan War because of mix-ups and disappointments that they made. The Soviets inability to seal the outskirt among Pakistan and Afghanistan, inability to stand up and successful Afghan Army and inability to win the hearts and psyches of the Afghan individuals added to the annihilation of the Red Army. Inability to Disrupt Supply Lines During the underlying five years of occupation, the Soviets never mounted a supported exertion to remove the Mujahideen gracefully lines that ran from Pakistan’s ancestral regions, over the Hindu Kush Mountains, and into Afghanistan (Roy, 1991). Rather, the focal point of the Soviets from 1980 to 1982 was to direct enormous scope defensively covered tasks in areas that were viewed as hotbeds of agitator action. After 1982, the Soviets utilized elevated attacks to aid their battle tasks to dispense with the help base of the Mujahideen. It was not until 1985 that the Red Army beginning creation a push to upset the Mujahideen flexibly lines. The Red Army started utilizing Spetsnaz units, which were the Red armed force Special Forces units, behind Mujahideen cutting edges, to composed shock assaults against the revolutionary flexibly convoys. When the Spetsnaz had the area of the Mujahideen, they would stack into Mi-24 helicopter gunships, sneak behind the Mujahideen positions, and dispatch assaults. The viability of the assaults the Spetsnaz utilized got evident in 1986 where there was an abatement in the quantity of Mujahideen assaults against the Soviets. The assaults against the Soviets diminished on the grounds that the Mujahideen couldn't get men and gear that they expected to mount a powerful guerrilla battle. The Soviets administration knew about the measure of men and a lot of gear that the Mujahideen was moving from Pakistan across into Afghanistan on ordinary bases, so it’s intriguing why they didn't put forth an attempt before in the war to upset the flexibly lines. The Soviet authority expected that in the event that they directed activities that may stretch out into Pakistan they would bring the United States into a huge scope war that the Soviets didn't need. Along these lines, directing procedure on the Afghan side of the outskirt against the agitators was a movement that the Soviets could legitimize without bringing the United States into the war. As per Oliver Roy, the Soviet inability to seal the outskirt with Pakistan was the most huge military mix-up in the war against the Mujahideen (Roy, 1991). With an unlocked fringe, the United States with the assistance of the assistance of the Inter-Service Intelligence, ISI, started channeling in weapons to the Mujahideen in the 1980. Toward the beginning of 1980, the Central Intelligence Agency started to buy weapons from a few nations to incorporate China, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab countries. When these weapons had been bought they were delivered to the ISI central command situated in Peshawar Pakistan. The United States financed some $30 million dollars in 1982, yet in 1984, the CIA went through some $250 million buying guns, AK-47s, ammo, surface to air rockets, and different supplies for the Mujahideen. By 1985, the CIA was burning through $500 million dollars on the obstruction in Afghanistan. 1985 was that year the President Ronald Reagan marked the National Security Decision Directive 166. This mandate expressed that the CIA was to drive out the Soviets from Afghanistan †by all methods available† (Crile, 2003, p 363). In 1986, the CIA endorsed the acquisition of warmth looking for rockets and right around 1000 for each bought. The warmth looking for rockets were compelling in bringing down the Soviets helicopters, however the Mujahideen didn't place these missions into utilization until 1987. Pakistan who was driven by Islamic character had a personal stake in the result of the Soviet-Afghan War and put forth an incredible attempt to guarantee that the Mujahideen was triumphant. To guarantee triumph for the Mujahideen, Pakistan built up a system that would move the entirety of the weapons that had been bought to the Mujahideen. When the entirety of the weapons that had been bought and shown up to the ISI central station the ISI would appropriate the weapons to the Mujahideen, who might get the weapons and supplies to the fighter in the field. The Mujahideen would utilize tractors, trucks, camel, donkeys, and ponies that could mix in with the remainder of the cross outskirt traffic or they would proceed onward soil streets that were just available by foot over the fringe into Afghanistan. It is apparent that without the assistance of the Pakistanis, the Mujahideen would not have had the option to battle since they could have not had the option to gracefully their officers. All through the war, the Soviets and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, DRA endeavored to pressure Pakistan’s President Zia to seal the fringe among Afghanistan and Pakistan with troops, however this went without much of any result. President Zia reacts to the solicitation to seal the fringe was that Pakistan would not do it however that the Red Army and the DRA were very free to do it. Notwithstanding who might endeavor to seal the fringe it would be an unthinkable errand when you consider the length and precipitous territory that would need to be secured. In 1985, the Red Army began to disturb the Mujahideen flexibly lines by putting a large number of troops on the fringe with Pakistan. Simultaneously, The Red Army started a shelling effort hitting bordertowns that were thoughtful to the dissidents and setting Spetsnaz units along the outskirts to direct inquiry and obliterate missions from behind Mujahideen cutting edges. The Red Army started utilizing their gunships to go here and there the outskirt searching for decimating Mujahideen gracefully convoys. The siege utilized by the Red Army turned a huge part of the outskirt etween Afghanistan and Pakistan to land that no longer could be occupied. This eradication exertion began to get viable as it made it practically unimaginable for the Mujahideen gracefully troops to move openly. In 1986, the Mujahideen countered the Red Army by utilizing the Stringer rockets to cut down the Red Army Helicopters. To abstain from being hit by a Stringer rocket the Red Army Pilots needed to fly at a higher elevation yet the higher height made it hard for the Red Army to viably assault the Mujahideen flexibly lines. In spite of the fact that the landscape along the Afghan and Pakistan outskirt made it hard to thoroughly seal the fringe, it would have been conceivable to upset the progression of men and supplies coming into Afghanistan. This was apparent by the Red Army somewhere in the range of 1985 and 1986. Had the Red Army been happy to assume a higher death toll before 1985, it would have been conceivable to hinder the Mujahideen’s capacity to get weapons into Afghanistan. The failure by the Red Army to build up a viable method to upset the Mujahideen gracefully lines was not by any means the only explanation that the PDPA couldn't make due without the help of the Red Army. The Red Army additionally neglected to manufacture an Afghan National Army that could secure the PDPA against the Mujahideen. Some portion of the motivation behind why the Red Army couldn't stand up the Afghan Army was on the grounds that there were Mujahideen supporters in the positions. This is additionally part of the motivation behind why the Soviets couldn't win the hearts and brains of the Afghan individuals. At the point when the Soviets pulled back from Afghanistan, they left the nation without the way to secure its self. Inability to construct an Afghan Army As ahead of schedule as 1980, Soviet authority realized that it would have been hard to develop the Afghan Army. This was somewhat because of the way that the PDPA system was disliked with numerous Afghan individuals, and there was likewise a profound scorn for the Red Army troops. The reluctance to battle for the Soviet Union and the DRA was reflected by the diminishing in the Afghan Army’s positions. The Afghan Army diminished from 90,000 to 30,000 men from 1980 to 1983 (Schofield, 2003). During the Soviet control of Afghanistan, it was normal for Afghan officers to leave their units with their weapons and ammo and join the Mujahideen. There is a record in July 1987 where a whole 2,000-man unit surrendered to the Mujahideen in Kandahar (McMichael, 1991). Notwithstanding the abandoning that was going on there were reports of Afghan officials as often as possible undermining Soviet gear and vehicles. For the Afghans who stayed numerous just battled in view of the Soviet soldiers existences on the bleeding edges who might not permit them to out of control. Because of the Afghans individuals reluctance to battle for the Soviets and the DRA, the PDPA could just form a little military power, the absolute that numbers 120,000 to 150,000 battling men. With its little size and the difficulties they had enlisting the Afghans to battle for the PDPA system, the Afghan Army was inadequate. The Afghan government was additionally just ready to draft sixty

The Social Expression Industry In The Uk Marketing Essay

The Social Expression Industry In The Uk Marketing Essay Unconditional power, an eminent player in the social articulation industry in the UK and around the world, is set to present another item, e-welcoming card, on January 1, 2011. This report subsequently covers the new item and brand improvement methodology and their related exercises that may guarantee the accomplishment of the brand from advancement up to the initial 3 to 4 years of its life cycle. The methodology is separated into 3 goals, in particular: to build up another social articulation item to the chose target advertise; to grow new territory of brand technique toward accomplishing set deals target; and to situate Carte Blanche through the exercises above to convey amazing development rate. The item will serve youngsters and their families and will be circulated seriously on the web while utilizing serious valuing to guarantee showcase entrance. Chapter by chapter guide Presentation Full power Greetings Ltd is one of the key players in the social articulation industry in the UK, and comprehensively. The social articulation industry is related with welcome cards, notes and writing material, blessing wrap, and other socially expressive items (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 41). The blockbuster of the considerable number of items delivered from the social articulation advertise is the welcome card. It represents a sizeable part of the over $4 billion worth of the social articulation showcase, universally (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 41). The worldwide yearly development pace of the business is assessed to be a great 7 percent (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). The created nations including the UK and other Western European nations, North America, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan represent an excessively high percent of the market request (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Unlimited authority Greetings was established by Stephen Haines over twenty years back he despite everything fills in as its Chairman (Carte Blanche, 2010). Full power is a worldwide player in the social articulation industry with a respectable brand and item portfolio which range the diverse accessible classifications of the business (Carte Blanche, 2010). Unlimited authority right now brags of perceived brands and a legitimate item portfolio. The items are at present distributed in 14 dialects, and appropriated in excess of 60 nations utilizing different channels of dissemination (Carte Blanche, 2010). The social articulation industry is portrayed by consistent change (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996) and social affectability (Keegan, 1969). This report is essential in characterizing a way for guaranteeing the development of Carte Blanche in the profoundly serious, continually changing, and socially delicate social articulation industry throughout the following three to five years. Review SWOT and PEST examinations will be completed here as models are especially important in guaranteeing intelligent consistency and investigating the unobtrusive communications including a set number of factors (Porter, 1991, p. 98). SWOT examination SWOT structure that envelops the qualities and shortcomings, openings and dangers of an organization corresponding to its inside and outside condition individually, and it is a solid procedure for methodology determination (Barney, 1996; Novicevic et al., 2004). The structure as applied to Carte Blanche is as underneath: Quality Unlimited power brags of perceived brands and a trustworthy item portfolio that the purchaser is as of now acquainted with and trust. The Carte Blanche items are as of now distributed in 14 dialects overall taking into awareness the social affectability of the social articulation industry. The organization as of now has worldwide nearness as it is found in more than 60 nations and guarantees successful appropriation through numerous dispersion channels. Full power utilizes the utilization of neighborhood licensee to receive such rewards as insignificant resource responsibility in physical resources, for example, stock and HR (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 46). Shortcomings Constrained worldwide inclusion. Absence of budgetary muscle. Openings Unconditional authority has great possibilities for item move to different nations not by and by secured. The possibility for item move is supposed to be most noteworthy for countries with qualities like that of the beginning nations (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 42), though the UK, Carte Blanches home nation, shares a ton with huge numbers of UKs previous states, for example, India. There is extraordinary potential for additional disguise of Carte Blanche items as just 60 of the numerous nations on the planet are as of now secured. Dangers The business is portrayed by substantial weight contenders both in the UK and abroad with worldwide effort, for example, Hallmark, American Greetings, and Gibson Greetings (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 40). The business is bound with social affectability and could prompt lost deals and extensive corporate shame (Ricks, 1983 as refered to by Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 40) for an industry player who submits a social bumble. Bug investigation Political Legitimate guidelines require various techniques for bundling for the social articulation items in various conditions (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). The administration and its administrative offices regularly control the sort of various materials that might be utilized in item assembling, and this may shift starting with one nation then onto the next (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Government guidelines may likewise put limitations and set gauges for item marking (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). For publicizing, PR, and exchange advancement with their related budgetary expense are frequently exceptionally managed by the administration (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Fare to different nations might be confined or hampered by between government relations, exchange accords, and approaches (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Ecological Varieties in atmosphere or potentially climate of the Carte Blanche home nation from its fare nations may requires item adaptation(Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). For instance, the tropics don't encounter snow fall during the Christmas season. Laborers or representatives in the objective nations for internationalization may for the most part have lower ability than in the UK and subsequently may require some preparation with its related expense (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). To exploit new markets, items ought to be created to meet the various events, festivities, and celebration discovered there (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Social The distinctive social festivals, for example, celebrations found in various situations regularly require the requirement for various alter items and may prompt expanded income (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996).. The business is bound with social affectability and could prompt lost deals and impressive corporate shame (Ricks, 1983 as refered to by Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 40) for an industry player who submits a social bungle. In any case, it is additionally an enormous chance to fulfill need needs. Innovation The business players require moderately broad interest in innovation in enhancing their proficiency, compelling, and general execution (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Unconditional power utilizes imaginative flexibly chain related innovation in guaranteeing compelling and proficient dissemination of its profitable for an upper hand (Carte Blanche, 2010). Shrewd goals To provide solid guidance and make the achievement of the new item advancement quantifiable toward the day's end, we have set the accompanying SMART goals. To build up another social articulation item to be propelled by January 1, 2011 to the chose target showcase; Grow new zone of brand system toward accomplishing deals focus of  £500,000 by December 31, 2011; and Position Carte Blanche through the exercises above to convey incredible development pace of 10% per annum and piece of the overall industry of 40% throughout the following 3-5 years. The targets above contain components of long haul technique in spite of the fact that they have been set for the initial a year of the new item life cycle, yet their accomplishment may guarantee that the drawn out goals are figured it out. Huan et al. (2007, p. 277) refering to Doyle et al. (1985), Hooley and Lynch (1985), Shaw (1995), Siu (2000), Baker and Leidecker (2001), and Siu and Liu (2005) contends that effective organizations set longer term key goals (for example short-run benefits are not looked for to the detriment of longer run key destinations). New item and key brand advancement plan and execution Considering a brand advancement plan for Carte Blanche is basic the same number of scientists, for example, McWilliam (1993), Tauber (1981), Economist (1990; 1991), and Ambler and Styles (1996) perceived that brand and line expansions is currently a well known development technique, particularly perceptible in soaked quick moving buyer products ventures. Be that as it may, creating brand or line expansions is one kind of new item advancement (NPD) (Ambler and Styles, 1996, p.13). The new item advancement process will follow what was sketched out by Kotler (1991). The eight point succession that will produce the NPD plan is as talked about beneath: 1. Thought age A careful procedure of thought age that included commitments from the various partners brought about the introduction of an assortment of thoughts concerning the new items that might be created and how these may individual reinforce the market position and benefit of Carte Blanche. A portion of these thoughts incorporate the expansion of the present and distinctive product offerings, the augmentation of the present Carte Blanche brand(s), and the formation of another item and brand through and through. As for the classes of thoughts referenced above, extraordinary item contributions were likewise produced. 2. Thought screening: The created thoughts were additionally screened to disconnect those that may most intently bolster the expressed destinations of the new item and brand advancement technique, and the general Carte Blanche methodology (Kotler, 1991). Both line and brand augmentation have t

Answering your questions

Answering your questions Youve got questions. Ive got answers. Anonymous asks: Why is it necessary for girls wanting to stay in all-girls dorms to ask for orientation? Well, you see, of the 11 undergrad dorms, only one, McCormick, is all female (and then there are the five sororities and the Womens Independent Living Group). With most of the options being coed, the powers that be need to know if you want to stay somewhere thats not so that they can put you there and not someone whod rather be in a coed living group. Anonymous asks: How many people on the waitlist actually get to go to MIT? Michael Borohovski helped me out by answering: Anonymous (re: waitlist), in the past two years they havent had a chance to go to the waitlist due to overenrollment (i.e. they admitted more people than they thought would enroll, percentage-wise), but generally it ranges. Im sure they would LOVE to go to the waitlist this year; theyve been trying to. (As always, correct me if Im wrong, Jessie). Thanks, Borski. :) Emily asked: What made you decide on MIT in the first place, and what are the major reasons you have stayed at MIT? Nothing too exciting, Im afraid, for the first half of the question. Its a good school, and I like science, and when I came to Campus Preview Weekend, I liked the place. I liked the way students seemed to have a lot of control over their own lives. I liked that the people, even in the more mainstream parts of campus, were a little weird and offbeat. As for why Id have stayedwell, its been tough (I am not, for the record, a star student at MIT), but I like that I am being challenged and forced to grow. I like the opportunities I have here. I like that I have learned how to do a lot of things, especially technology and engineering-related, that I personally would not have done other places, like design and build a vision-capable robot. I love my friends undergrads, grads, and alums and I have a lot of them. I love the activities I do here. I love my UROP. I cant imagine how my college life would have been anywhere else, but I think it would have had a lot less challenge and a lot les s color. Roli asked: Hi Jessie, I havent followed your blog so I was just wondering what your major is and why you chose to come to MIT?andhow stressful does it get on an average day? thanks! Roli, I hope I answered the why part above. :) As to the restMy major is course 9 (Brain Cognitive Sciences). Even within course 9, which is a pretty interdisciplinary major, Im kind of an academic grab-bagger Ive dabbled in computational, systems, cognitive, cellular, and molecular neuroscience, and taken non-required classes in biology, electrical engineering/computer science, chemistry, linguistics, and math. My humanities concentration is in political science. With the stressthere is no average day. Some days are pretty stress-free. Some have driven me to visit MIT Mental Health or the counseling deans. Look here for my account of a relatively stressful (but ultimately fulfilling) night. Kith asked: One of my crazier relatives (who may have gone to MIT; I dont recall) insists that its much easier to get in than stay in. Thoughts? Once again, Borski 09 answered. Kith, I disagree. If you get in, you can handle staying in, for the most part. There are cases in which people have trouble doing the work here, but the majority is okay. And MIT does everything it can to try and help you and support you if youre having academic trouble. We have something like a 98% matriculation rate to sophomore year and a 97-98% graduation rate (I dont remember actual numbers), and thats for a reason. Admissions picks and chooses members of the class for that reason. Borski, I partially agree with you. :) The vast majority of people at MIT are intellectually capable of doing the work. And MIT does a lot to help people who are struggling. Believe me, I know, Ive been there. However, I can make a logical case that its harder to stay in than to get in. 100% of MIT students were able to get in to MIT, but only 90-something % are able to graduate. I guess that demonstrates that its harder to get in and stay in than just to get in. *grin* My point here is, dont worry too much about flunking out unless youre actually in danger of doing so. But dont get cocky either. Its not a cakewalk. Olga asked: What are all the cool free things MIT students get? Matt mentioned the free BSO tickets, anything else? Red Sox, tours, opera, Blue Man group? Im going to have to do more research on this, but Im pretty sure that we dont get free Sox tickets, and I know that we do get free Museum of Science membership (of which Ive taken advantage several times). We can also get discount T (subway) passes. Sanja asked: Can international students apply for Early Action? I think the answer to this is no. But ask an actual admissions officer to be sure. Anonymous asked: If I decide to pay the $5500 self-help only from my earnings from my work, will this be possible considering the academic workload, if I decide to go for a)single b) double major? Yes, depending on where you work, how many hours, what your major(s) is (are), and what your academic strengths are. Theres actually a proposal out right now to lower the self-help to $4500, which I support, but I dont know what will come of it. And one more whatever my financial situation may be, MIT does not waive the self-help of $5500 requirement, does it? I mean, the maximum possible financial aid that one can receive is (total costs) $5500. Am I right? Im not entirely sure what you just asked, but as far as I know, MIT wont waive the requirement that you pay the self-help, and it wont increase the amount of self-help that you have to pay. When do accepted students receive their course catalog? No clue. But theres an online course catalog for you to check out. Regardless of major(s) chosen, does MIT award only Bachelor of Science degree? Yes, at the undergrad level. If you major in Literature, you will receive a Bachelors of Science in Literature. Oakland mom asked: Our family has to start planning vacations for this year now with that in mind, when is freshman orientation? Is there a family weekend sometime after the first semester begins? Thanks! Bryan helped me out on this one. Orientation begins on Sunday August 27. There are also preorientation programs the week prior. Family weekend is October 13 15, 2006. The only thing I would add to that is that I believe that this year freshmen are supposed to show up by Saturday so that things can get started as soon as possible. Bryan, youd know, has that changed in the last couple of weeks? Another Anonymous asked: Im wondering about the Freshman year courses. By the time I start in the fall, it will have been 1 year since I studied physics and 2 years since I studied chemistry. How hard is it to jump into (what I expect to be) very rigorous courses? (Maybe even assuming you didnt learn very much to begin with?) Some people come in never having had physics before. Its hard, but its definitely doable, and MIT understands that people have all different backgrounds. There are resources specifically for frosh, and upperclassmen who will help you, and if you are struggling in the 5.111/2 version of chemistry theyll provide free tutoring. Youll have a slightly harder time for the first term or year, and then youll be on pretty even footing with everyone else. Anonymous asked: If I cant make it to CPW, how out-of-the-loop will I be in the fall? Im afraid Im going to miss a great opportunity to meet my future classmates. :( Well, its a shame (and I encourage anyone who can make it to come), but dont worry too much, a lot of people cant make it. Youll have plenty of time to meet classmates in the fall, and in my experience most MIT students identify more strongly with their living group than their class anyway. And finally, Ricardo asked: First of all, I wanna know what the nightlife is like on the MIT Second, is there any mexican or latin comunities?? I would also like to know what your opinion is about the school and how do you spend your free time? MIT is a very noctural place. Nighttime is prime time for both tooling (studying) and socializing. A lot of people just like to hang out and talk late at night. Most weekends feature several parties at various living groups on and off campus. There are numerous clubs in the area, both typical ones and stuff like goth clubs. Sometimes theres late-night Capture the Flag or other group activities or games. You can find a list of cultural and language groups, including Spanish/Mexican/Latin, here. You should also look at the Spanish House living group. The school is hard, but I enjoy it and its culture very much. For more details about how I spend my time, read through the archives of my blog. :) Hope you found this entry useful.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Geothermal Energy

GEO-THERMAL POWER PLANT SUBMITTED FOR Energy Studies INTRODUCTION In the present scenario , ENERGY has become the most important part of our daily life requirements . It is used so extensively in our day to day life that we , at many times , do not even realise that it is being used. Thus, for all our works , energy is required in large quantities . But the big question which arises is , from where to get the energy.There are several sources and a wide variety of methods to fulfill our demands by producing energy . Being humans one of our basic requirements is electricity.There are a lot of ways to produce electricity.One such method is ‘GEO THERMAL POWER PLANT’ .Geo Thermal Power Plant gives major contribution to fulfill energy demands.†¦show more content†¦The steam created then needs to be separated from brine which is usually done in central separation chamber. After this separation process , the whole steam is transferred to heat exchangers which are located inside the power plant. After the steam is transferred to heat exchangers , it is possible to transfer it even further to the steam turbines where electricity can be generated from it, and at the same time unused energy is released through the exhaust pipes. In heat exchangers steam is being cooled in under pressure in the condensate and then heat is transferred into the cold water in the condensate heat exchangers. This cold water that we gain on it’s way is pumped from wells to storage tanks from which it is transferred to heat exchangers where the temperature of gets increased and is then passed through deaerators where it boils and where released oxygen and other gases which may cause corrosion (when heated) are removed by final water cooling. Keeping it simple , it all comes in the process of heating of water and it is transferred to steam which can then be used to drive a turbo-generator which generates electricity or this steam is passed through heat exchangers and heats water creating sufficient heat for central heating of households andShow MoreRelatedDuring the 21st century our country and our planet as a whole is in energy crisis. We have used too1200 Words   |  5 Pagesplanet as a whole is in energy crisis. We have used too many oils and fossil fuel that our non-renewable resources are running out. Oil is limited and is at outrageous prices, this result is making our economy suffering. With fossil fuel and oil as the main source of energy the people of this planet need to start looking for an alternative energy source because our fossil fuel will not last forever and fossil fuel also polluted our planet. This is where a renewable energy comes in. 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The renewable energy is that energyRead MoreFossil Fuels Is A Nonrenewable Resource1622 Words   |  7 Pagesbe available without the oil and gas extracted and processed from fossil fuels. Some advantages are being able to generate great amounts of electricity in one location, cost efficient and reliable, coal is becoming more and more available as geologists are finding coal mines, easily stored and transported from one place to another and new technology had been made to safely extract fossil fuels. Some disadvantages are it gives off carbon dioxide causing the greenhouse effect, which contributes to the

Is Renaissance Music Influential - 1222 Words

Is Renaissance Music Influential? Many different things are influential in many different ways. Whether it be how the sinking of the Titanic caused many changes in the regulations of ships, or how Newton’s law of universal gravitation helped to inspire Einstein’s theory of general relativity. As well as catastrophic events and scientific laws, works in the field of music have also been influential. For example, Jacques Offenbach’s Infernal Galop was used as the music for the Can-can, a popular dance. A theme from the Infernal Galop was also used in a movement of Camille Saint-Saà «ns’ The Carnival of the Animals. Other influential composers include Beethoven, Mozart, J.S. Bach, and Tchaikovsky. Aside from being composers, these people have†¦show more content†¦The first madrigals evolved from the frottola, another form of vocal music (Strainchamps). The major difference between the two is that the four parts of the piece are prioritized differently (Strainchamps). In a frottola, the top and bottom voices of the piece are more significant that the two in the middle, but in the madrigal, all parts were given equal importance (Strainchamps). As time progressed, so did the style of the madrigal. For example, five parts became increasingly more prevalent in madrigals about halfway through its lifespan, and the amount of expression that was put into the pieces also grew (Strainchamps). Some of the most well known composers of madrigals are the contemporaries Carlo Gesualdo and Claudio Monteverdi (Strainchamps). In addition to his madrigals, Monteverdi is notable for writing operas. His most acclaimed operas include L’Orfeo, L’incoronazione di Poppea, and Il ritorno d’Ulisse in patria. These are also some of the oldest operas that are performed today (â€Å"Claudio Monteverdi†). L’Orfeo may have brought about the creation of the Infernal Galop, from the opera Orpheus in the Underworld, as the opera that Orpheus in the Underworld is based off of, Orfeo ed Euridice, was based on the same myth that L’Orfeo was written around. Monteverdi is also accredited with bringing about the musical style of the Baroque period (â€Å"Origins and Elements of the Baroque Style†). Another importantShow MoreRelatedMiddle Ages And Renaissance Era1081 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle Ages and Renaissance Era The Middle Ages were not known for their choice in government, ways of living, or their views on the Church. Rather, they were known for making the best of what was given to the, which was music. During the early Middle Ages, peasants stayed bound to the land they were given, but had to depend on landlords for protection. Also, many social bonds were ties of kinship, which lead to the emergence of feudalism among the warrior aristocracy (The Middle Ages: Feudal LifeRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance, A Cultural Movement Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesAlly Johnson November 13, 2016 African American History Art, Music, Literature†¦Freedom. The Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that began in the 1920s and continued until the early 1930s, brought excitement and a new found freedom and voice to the African-Americans who had been silent and oppressed for far too long. â€Å"Centered on the Harlem district of New York City, the Harlem Renaissance was part of a nationwide urban revolution sparked by World War I. The cultural outburst, which followedRead MoreThe New Negro Movement, By Zora Neale Hurston1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a time of cultural endeavors of intellectual and artistic African American leaders during the 1920s. It was a manifestation of embracing poetry, literature, music, art, film, fashion and all things synonymous with creativity. It begun during the end of World War 1, in a relatively small section in New York City and ended during the aftermath of The Great Depression. This was by far one of the most influential movements in African American culture. African Americans t ookRead MoreThe Renaissance: A Period of Awakening 1854 Words   |  7 PagesThe Renaissance is known to many as the rebirth of society and the revival of classic learning. It opened the doors for new and improved ideas in writing, composing, and painting. This period of time effected society in many positive ways because of the newer advantages being made for the future to come. The literature, music, and art of the Renaissance had a great impact on society. The Renaissance literature expanded learning for individuals with manuscripts and poetry. Petrarch was an excellentRead MoreThe Art Of The Folk1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Art of the Folk: Jazz, Blues, Folktales, Dance: The Harlem Renaissance During the nineteenth- mid-twentieth century, folk became very popular and widely known within the nation. Folk is considered the ordinary citizens of a public or district considered as the agents of a conventional lifestyle and particularly as the originators or bearers of the traditions, convictions, and expressions that make up an unmistakable culture. When people started to realize, their potential and become open toRead MoreThe New Negro Of The Harlem Renaissance879 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Negro Movement, also known as The Harlem Renaissance, was a time in the early twentieth century where African Americans embraced literature, music, theatre, and visual arts (Alchin). They were inspired and gave inspiration to many blacks in the community. The Great Migration was the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance – it is, where it began the most significant movement in the black history. After World War I, â€Å"more than six million African Americans† traveled from à ¢â‚¬Å"the rural South to theRead MoreClaude Mckay s Harlem Dancer And Ended Around 1929 Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance began in 1918 with the publication of Claude McKay’s â€Å"Harlem Dancer† and ended around 1929. During this period, there was a wave of literary works by, and about, Blacks. The Harlem Renaissance was a period of great intellectual expression as well as introspection (Bodenner). There were several key moments and individuals that made this era of time historical. African American artists rejected imitating the ideals of white Americans and championed black artistic expression onRead MoreHarlem Renaissance : The Cultural And Artistic Explosion745 Words   |  3 Pages Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the social, cultural and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem during the end of World War 1. The time of the 1920’s was a time of change for everyone. During the 1920’s, the Harlem Renaissance was the most influential movement where African Americans came together and created multiple things that was unique to their race such as; music, literature, poetry, and much more which reallyRead MoreA Brief Look at the Renaissance939 Words   |  4 PagesThe renaissance sparked an influential cultural movement by art, architecture, and music. Renaissance was a period of time from the 14th to the 17th century that affected Europe. During the renaissance people learned art and literature. The renaissance was the period of transition, from the medieval to modern times. The renaissance began in Italy during the 14th century as early as the painters Giotto and Cimabue. During the Renaissance people witnessed â€Å"the disco very of the world† and the â€Å"discoveryRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance and Its Effect on the American Dream1541 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance and its Effect on the American Dream What was the Harlem Renaissance? The Harlem Renaissance was a period of time in American history that emphasized African American culture in the form of music, art, and poetry. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s was plagued by poverty and racial inequality. African Americans held the dream of upward mobility and racial equality, through mediums such as poetry and jazz: a new form of music originating from the African American community

Is Nuclear Energy Answer to the Energy Crisis by Albert You Free Essays

Is nuclear power the answer to the energy crisis? Submission Date: 29/8/2012 Required Length: 1250-1500 Actual Length: 1291 Introduction It is frequently said that nuclear energy is cheaper, safer and more efficient than fossil fuels, and without the effects on air pollution, so it is often seen as a solution to the energy crisis. In 2000, approximately a sixth of the global electricity power was provided by nuclear power. Boyle, G et al 2003) However, over the last year, there has been the serious accident with a nuclear power plant in Japan, which has draw attention on the nuclear issue once again, as it recalled the devastating disaster of Chernobyl, Ukraine in 1986. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Nuclear Energy Answer to the Energy Crisis by Albert You or any similar topic only for you Order Now It needs to be asked whether it is safe enough to be the answer to the energy crisis. From my perspective, exploitation of the nuclear energy have done more harm than good so far. Therefore, how to approach the role of nuclear power in this energy crisis in future is the highest priority. Environment According to the Sustainable Development commission (2006), there is no energy technology can reach zero carbon emissions currently. Even renewable technologies will lead to carbon emissions during construction. Nuclear power plants are no different. With large demand of product of cement and metal during construction, mining the uranium ore, massive energy inputs on wastes disposal and the uranium enrichment facility, nuclear energy is definitely not green energy like people say so. Moreover, as the by-product during the uranium enrichment processes, HCFC (hydro chlorofluorocarbon), the major contributor of depletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, which more or less discharged to the atmosphere though after treatment. Due to the limitation of efficiency, approximately 33% heat utilization ratio (From IAEA 2012), the light water reactor have, a large amount of waste heat are discharged by nuclear plant . For typical nuclear systems, in order to ensure that the effects of temperature rise in the environment is small, a large amounts of water (around a billion gallons per day) must be passed through the steam condenser to cool down them ,which also is the main reason why the nuclear plants built near the sea or water area . Heater water can have adverse effects on the plant and animal life which might cause a great variation among species. ( Murray, R 1980) All nuclear plants generate dangerous nuclear wastes. Nuclear wastes contain radioactive material which is hazardous to most forms of life and the environment. Some nuclear wastes remain dangerous for thousands of years. When biological tissue expose on radiation or touch radioactive material, energy is deposited and a series physical changes take place that cause huge damage on the cells to variation or death. Current major approaches to managing nuclear wastes are segregation, storage and deep burial for a long time according the different risk level of wastes. There are some cases about leak of wastes, and few communities are willing to accept waste site near them. (Gore, A, 2009) Cost and economy If only considering the unit cost of producing electricity by the nuclear power comparing other forms of energy, it is seems to be cheaper much from the data (World Nuclear Association, 2010). However, building a new nuclear plant is a tremendously complicated project that costs huge investment and takes many years to complete. It is no likely to calculate the accurate cost of a new nuclear power plant claimed by the Sustainable Develop Commission. Helen Caldicott (2010) believes that the real economy value of nuclear industry is never carefully analyzed, including the cost of uranium enrichment, financial claims after the nuclear disaster, construction and decommission. It is a fact that a smaller proportion (approximately 26%) of fuel cost accounts for a nuclear power plant’s whole operating cost than other types of power plants. However, the high cost of waste disposal remains a big headache since advent of nuclear technology . According to the mail online news, the cost of cleaning up Britain’s nuclear waste has increased to almost ? 48 billion, it was revealed today as the Government unveiled â€Å"radical† changes to managing the country’s nuclear legacy. The cost of the programme was estimated at ? 43 billion last year but it has soared to ? 47. 9 billion. (2012). A further problem is that nuclear power plants must maintain higher standards of operational condition in case of the likelihood of potential safety loopholes of equipment in poor condition. In addition Employees, administration, and supplies cost a nuclear power plant $0. 0137 per kWh on average in 2008. (Morgan J, 2010) Going back to the nuclear disaster cause by earthquake-tsunami in Fukushima, the government of Japan estimates the cost at $300 billion, which would make it the most expensive natural disaster on record, according to Birmingham L (2011). JP Morgan has estimated the Tokyo electricity company may face claims of up to 2 trillion yen, nearly 15 billion pounds by the end of this year. As to the subsequent expenditure of Chernobyl disaster, in Ukraine, 5-7 percent of government spending each year is still devoted to Chernobyl-related benefits and programmes. In Belarus, total spending by Belarus on Chernobyl between 1991 and 2003 was more than US $ 13 billion. Safety and Accidents The most important part of public concern is the safety of nuclear plant. Regardless of how many wisdom man have, human being never can bear the disastrous results once nuclear accident take place. Huge loss in economy, irreversible damage in environment and unexpected effects on future, all of these prove the nuclear power have not meet the contemporary safe needs. With the last one nuclear power station closed in March 2012 in Japan, which means the all of the Japan’s 50 reactors have been taken off line, marking the country’s first no nuclear power day since May 1970. And after Fukushima disaster, under the pressure of anti- nuclear protests, Germany’s coalition government has announced a reversal of policy that all the country’s nuclear power plants will be phased out by 2022. Twenty five years on, the disaster at Chernobyl casts a long shadow over the people. As the most serious nuclear disaster on history , Chernobyl disaster, which lead directly to thirty one deaths in that accident . About 200,000 people had to be permanently migrated after the disaster. According to IAEA report, up to 4,000 people may die from long-term diseases related to the accident. Those numbers are a subject of debate. The World Health Organization reported the actual number of deaths related to Chernobyl was about 9,000. However, when atastrophe happened in Fukushima, in Japan, this tragedy makes people realise the terrible hazard of nuclear power once again and the fear is far more than the loss. There have been over 25 indirectly deaths or cases of radiation sickness from the nuclear accident, over 100,000 people had to be evacuated from their homes. In this day and age, for terrorists, nuclear power plants are obvious targets. (Caldicott, h, 2007) Assault by hijacked plane, truck bombs, or covert attack into the reactor’s control room, which are very likely happened in the future. Once breakout of war, nuclear plants also are first military targets. The subsequence of meltdown or destroy of reactors could trigger the countless death of people in heavily populated areas, and they would suffer slowly and painfully from acute radiation sickness year after year, cancer, leukaemia, congenital deformities, or genetic disease. Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear from the preceding arguments that the weakness overweighed the advantages in nuclear power use, considering the impacts of the unclear power to the environment, huge cost of upfront investment and reconstruction after disaster and the unknown safety hidden risk. Owing to this, people should take the nuclear power seriously because of the nuclear disaster would not be unbearable by human race. Hence, the each governments should not promoted the nuclear power as the answer to the energy crisis. Bibliography Birmingham, L. 2011, Japan Recovery Slowed by Aftershocks, Tokyo Monday Boyle, G, et al. 2003, Energy Systems and sustainability- power for a sustainable future, Oxford university press: Oxford, Pp, 395-396. Caldicott, H. 2007, Nuclear power is not the answer new press Pp,55-58. Gore, A. 2009, Our Choice: a plan to solve the climate crisis, Bloomsbury publishing: Great Britain Pp, 150-154. IAEA, 2012. Summary of Nuclear Power Reactors [online] available: http://world-nuclear. org/reference/default. aspx? id=984amp;LangType=2057amp;terms=33%25 [accessed at 26/08/2012] IAEA, 2001. 15 Years After Chernobyl, nuclear power plant safety improved , but strains on health, economy and environment remain[online]available: http://www. iaea. org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/cherno15_main. shtml[acce How to cite Is Nuclear Energy Answer to the Energy Crisis by Albert You, Papers

Case Study on Googles Strategy in 2008 free essay sample

Case Analysis (Google’s Strategy in 2008) Introduction Google is the most used search engine worldwide as of 2008 (Gamble 2008). This is largely due to the consistently reliable search results it produces as its core product, in effect creating confidence amongst consumers. To keep this competitive advantage Google needs to identify forces that seem most likely to bring about major change to the industry within the next 3 – 5 years. In doing so, Google need to identify 3 – 5 factors that promote success in the search industry to help focus and navigate through the coming half decade. Forces most likely to bring about major change to the search industry in the next 3 – 5 years Innovative and game-changing concepts have been the driving force behind the success of Google over the past decade. Google need to look to the future to remain on top and maintain their competitive advantage against the competition. The introduction of the Android operating system for mobile phones was designed to compete with Apple’s iPhone and at only a fraction of the cost (Gamble 2008). Over the coming decade the Android will play a vital role in increasing Google’s mobile search market and increase its share of banner ads (Gamble 2008). The Android still needs time to mature and develop a more extensive range of apps for its mobile users to hold a larger share of the market. Over the next 3-5 years it will be evident that the Android will be a one of the most dominant players in the search industry. The ‘cloud computing’ concept may be one of Google’s most anticipated due to the idea that all computers can be linked up to one, anywhere in the world, is a major advantage to any global business. The licensing of Google’s online Beta word processing application will rival the Microsoft office version and at a 600% price difference it makes Google’s application look more attractive (Gamble 2008). As this concept may be easy to imitate by other firms, Google will have the upper hand firstly by having their reputation and secondly by the vast amounts of cash reserves Google can afford to spend in order to make their ‘cloud computing’ application unsurpassed. The agreement between Google and the U. S federal Communications Commission grants permission to use unused television airwaves. Newer and more advanced technologies will be designed to accept and transmit these frequencies, in effect creating larger Wi-Fi areas (Gamble 2008). The possibility for any device to have multi-frequency accepting transmitters provides communication in remote locations and around the world with endless possibilities. Not only will this bring about major change to the Search industry; it will dramatically change the Communications Industry. Key Factors that define success in the search industry 1. Google’s number one principle of corporate Philosophy is ‘focus on the user and all else will follow’ (Gamble 2008, p. C262). When Google made this statement they emphasized that its main objective was to please the customer, by putting the user’s interests first and success will follow accordingly. Being upfront by advising users that they refuse to make sacrifices to increase shareholder value shows uninterrupted user focus. When it comes to usage, the users appreciate basic ingredients; easy to use, instant results, search placement is unavailable for purchase and relevant advertisements to your search (Gamble 2008). Communication between the user and the application are the insights that so many companies miss, and are probably the easiest to grasp. Many companies spend time and money on inventing new technologies to what their understanding is of what people want; where majority of the time†¦it’s usually not. By focusing on what the user wants, other applications can be formed around this base of information. . While Google may have many applications that may be mind blowing, they believe that to be successful in the search industry you must be able to conduct your core service extremely well (Gamble 2008). This type of approach can be seen as building from the inside out, by focusing on what is important and applying yourself to what you’re good at. Nike does running shoes, Porsche does Sports cars, Starbucks does coffee and Google does search. In all of these companies, it’s simple to identify their bi-products but without the quality of their core product, these companies would cease o exist. 3. When it comes to search, instant gratification is priority number 1 (Gamble 2008). For success to be achievable it is a necessity to either meet expectations or to go beyond, and for the search industry; the standard is one of instance. By showing that Google are different from other corporations also helps in their success. It may be noted that Google may be the only company whose goal is to have users leave its website as quickly as possible (Gamble 2008); leaving the website quicker means the user found what they were looking for quicker, which encourages repeat use. This standard of timeliness expectancy can be seen across man different industries; building a house is 6 months, basic letter postage cross country is 1 week, ordering a coffee is 5 minutes and search is instant. 4. Being able to trust the accuracy of your search engine will, at the bottom line, make or break your company. Many companies have lost trust among users by manipulating partner sponsors to be displayed even if they have nothing to do with what the search is about. An example of this may be an advertisement for an electrician where the search indicated plumber. Google go to great measures to ensure that the veracity of search results are not compromised, it is not possible to buy a better Page Rank and sponsored links are relevant to the search item indicate (Gamble 2008). As Google pride them self on the simplicity and user friendly interface, it is essential that the search results and advertisements are not confused for being one or the other. Having a clearly defined area where advertisements may be relevant to the search is the key to the quality of the engine. Conclusion Google are at the forefront of search technologies and it seems as though the future is bright for the company. By pushing the boundaries of what is possible, Google will embrace and most likely cause change within the industry. Success will come naturally if Google maintain their innovative thinking and maintain their user focused philosophy. References Gamble, J. E. 2008, Google’s Strategy in 2008, (case 14, pp. C259 – C276). University of South Alabama Gamble, J. E. 2008, Exhibit 1, The Principles of Google’s Corporate Philosophy. Source: www. google. com